ArticleDiabetes care2021
Does the Association Between Hemoglobin A
Article in Diabetes care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Geographic Weighted Regression Analysis of the Health Opportunity Index and Stroke Prevalence in Health and Human Services Region 3.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Residential Racial Segregation, Socioeconomic Status, and Hypertension Risk in Black and White Americans: The REGARDS Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Neighborhood characteristics and incident myocardial infarction in US older adults: evaluation in 2 nationwide cohorts.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Social Determinants of Health and Cardiovascular Risk among Adults with Diabetes: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2024Article
- Current approaches to measuring local racial and ethnic residential segregation in population health studies.Current epidemiology reports · 2024Article
- Gut microbiota-associated metabolites and risk of ischemic stroke in REGARDS.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Article
- Perspective: Acknowledging a Hierarchy of Social Needs in Diabetes Clinical Care and Prevention.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023Article
- Disparities in Cardiovascular Mortality Between Black and White Adults in the United States, 1999 to 2019.Circulation · 2022Article
- Health care experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic by race and social determinants of health among adults age ≥ 58 years in the REGARDS study.BMC public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine if the association between higher A1C and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults with and without diabetes is modified by racial residential segregation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe study used a case-cohort design, which included a random sample of 2,136 participants at baseline and 1,248 participants with incident CVD (i.e., stroke, coronary heart disease [CHD], and fatal CHD during 7-year follow-up) selected from 30,239 REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study participants originally assessed between 2003 and 2007. The relationship of A1C with incident CVD, stratified by baseline diabetes status, was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for demographics, CVD risk factors, and socioeconomic status. Effect modification by census tract-level residential segregation indices (dissimilarity, interaction, and isolation) was assessed using interaction terms.
resultsThe mean age of participants in the random sample was 64.2 years, with 44% African American, 59% female, and 19% with diabetes. In multivariable models, A1C was not associated with CVD risk among those without diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] per 1% [11 mmol/mol] increase, 0.94 [95% CI 0.76-1.16]). However, A1C was associated with an increased risk of CVD (HR per 1% increase, 1.23 [95% CI 1.08-1.40]) among those with diabetes. This A1C-CVD association was modified by the dissimilarity (
conclusionsHigher A1C was associated with increased CVD risk among individuals with diabetes, and this relationship was more pronounced at higher levels of residential segregation among African American adults. Additional research on how structural determinants like segregation may modify health effects is needed.
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