ArticleGenome biology2021
Embryo CHH hypermethylation is mediated by RdDM and is autonomously directed in Brassica rapa.
Article in Genome biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolution of Epigenetic Regulation in Plant Reproduction.Epigenomes · 2026Review
- Natural Elicitor 3,4-Dihydroxy-3-Methyl-2-Pentanone Induces Disease Resistance inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Epigenetic control of seed development and dormancy in cereals.Plant signaling & behavior · 2025Review
- LEC2 induces somatic cell reprogramming through epigenetic activation of plant cell totipotency regulators.Nature communications · 2025Article
- DNA methylation dynamics in male germline development in Brassica Rapa.Molecular horticulture · 2025Article
- Epigenetic odyssey to decrypt the hidden code for sustainable brassica production: enhancing yield, stress resilience and nutritional quality.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
- Allele-specific DNA methylation and gene expression during shoot organogenesis in tissue culture of hybrid poplar.Horticulture research · 2024Article
- Small RNA-mediated DNA methylation during plant reproduction.The Plant cell · 2023Review
- Involvement of 5mC DNA demethylationForestry research · 2023Article
- Triticale doubled haploid plant regeneration factors linked by structural equation modeling.Journal of applied genetics · 2022Article
- Ovule siRNAs methylate protein-coding genes in trans.The Plant cell · 2022Article
- The maize gene maternal derepression of r1 encodes a DNA glycosylase that demethylates DNA and reduces siRNA expression in the endosperm.The Plant cell · 2022Article
- Resetting of the 24-nt siRNA landscape in rice zygotes.Genome research · 2022Article
- Taking the Wheel -Frontiers in plant science · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) initiates cytosine methylation in all contexts and maintains asymmetric CHH methylation. Mature plant embryos show one of the highest levels of CHH methylation, and it has been suggested that RdDM is responsible for this hypermethylation. Because loss of RdDM in Brassica rapa causes seed abortion, embryo methylation might play a role in seed development. RdDM is required in the maternal sporophyte, suggesting that small RNAs from the maternal sporophyte might translocate to the developing embryo, triggering DNA methylation that prevents seed abortion. This raises the question of whether embryo hypermethylation is autonomously regulated by the embryo itself or influenced by the maternal sporophyte.
resultsHere, we demonstrate that B. rapa embryos are hypermethylated in both euchromatin and heterochromatin and that this process requires RdDM. Contrary to the current models, B. rapa embryo hypermethylation is not correlated with demethylation of the endosperm. We also show that maternal somatic RdDM is not sufficient for global embryo hypermethylation, and we find no compelling evidence for maternal somatic influence over embryo methylation at any locus. Decoupling of maternal and zygotic RdDM leads to successful seed development despite the loss of embryo CHH hypermethylation.
conclusionsWe conclude that embryo CHH hypermethylation is conserved, autonomously controlled, and not required for embryo development. Furthermore, maternal somatic RdDM, while required for seed development, does not directly influence embryo methylation patterns.
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