Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33957920›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2021

Emulating causal dose-response relations between air pollutants and mortality in the Medicare population.

Yaguang Wei, Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi, Qian Di, Weeberb J Requia, Francesca Dominici, Antonella Zanobetti, Joel Schwartz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. A Drug-Environment Interaction Between PMPharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Exposure-Response to High PMJournal of the American Heart Association · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Low-Level PMInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Epidemiological studies likely need to consider PMEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yaguang WeiDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center 4th West, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. yaw624@mail.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-6796-7510
Mahdieh Danesh YazdiDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center 4th West, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Qian DiVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Weeberb J RequiaSchool of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
Francesca DominiciDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Antonella ZanobettiDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center 4th West, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Joel SchwartzDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center 4th West, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.

Funding

Translational Research Support CoreP30ES000002 · NIEHS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI SUSAN A KORRICK · 1985 to 2026
$44.6M
National Cohort Studies of Alzheimer's Disease, Related Dementias and Air PollutionR01AG066793 · NIA · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI ZANOBETTI, ANTONELLA · 2020 to 2025
$4.2M
Environmental Health Disparities in an Older PopulationR01MD012769 · NIMHD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI BELL, MICHELLE L · 2017 to 2021
$3.9M
Relationship Between Multiple Environmental Exposures and CVD Incidence and Survival: Vulnerability and SusceptibilityR01ES028033 · NIEHS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI DOMINICI, FRANCESCA, LADEN, FRANCINE · 2018 to 2022
$3.5M
Integrating Air Pollution Prediction Models: Uncertainty Quantification and Propagation in Health StudiesR01ES030616 · NIEHS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI DOMINICI, FRANCESCA, KIOUMOURTZOGLOU, MARIANTHI-ANNA · 2020 to 2024
$3.1M
Disease Outcomes iN Older adults under extreme Heat, AiR pollution and Medication use (DO-NO-HARM)R01AG060232 · NIA · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · PI SETOGUCHI IWATA, SOKO · 2019 to 2023
$3.0M
Cardiovascular Health and Air Pollution: A National StudyR01ES024332 · NIEHS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI ZANOBETTI, ANTONELLA · 2015 to 2018
$2.5M
Chronic effects of weather fluctuations: population susceptibility and adaptationR21ES024012 · NIEHS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI ZANOBETTI, ANTONELLA · 2014 to 2015
$445k
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG060232NIA NIH HHS R01 AG066793NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES000002NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES024332NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES028033NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES030616NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES024012NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD012769
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFine particulate matter (PM

methodsUsing national Medicare cohort during 2000-2016, we simultaneously emulated causal D-R relations between chronic exposures to fine particulate matter (PM

resultsAssuming the causal framework was valid, we found that higher levels of PM

conclusionsThis study provided more robust evidence of the causal relations between air pollution exposures and mortality. The emulated causal D-R relations provided significant implications for reviewing the national air quality standards, as they inferred the number of potential early deaths prevented if air pollutants were reduced to specific levels; for example, lowering each air pollutant concentration from the 70th to 60th percentiles would prevent 65,935 early deaths per year.

Indexed as

MortalityAgedAged, 80 and overAir PollutantsDose-Response Relationship, DrugEnvironmental ExposureFemaleHumansMaleMedicareNitrogen DioxideOzoneParticulate MatterRiskUnited StatesAir PollutantsNitrogen DioxideOzoneParticulate MatterAir pollutionCausal modelingChronic exposuresDoes-response relationsMortality

Identifiers

PMID33957920
PMCPMC8103595

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.