ReviewRespiratory medicine2021
Characteristics and evaluation of acute exacerbations in chronic interstitial lung diseases.
Review in Respiratory medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Significance of Age and Coexisting Lifestyle-related Diseases in ILD Patients with Acute Exacerbation.Thoracic research and practice · 2026Article
- Mortality and diagnostic practice variation in interstitial lung disease admissions: insights from a multicentre UK cohort study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Health care utilization and costs associated with acute exacerbation of fibrosing interstitial lung disease in the United States: A retrospective administrative claims database analysis.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- Is Immunotherapy a Contraindication for Treating Lung Cancer Patients with Interstitial Lung Diseases? A Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Computed tomography imaging features of major pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications of fibrotic lung diseases.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Review
- Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Disease Susceptibility, Survival, and Acute Exacerbation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Observational
- Scar wars: the viral menace.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Review
- Potential Utility of Combined Presepsin and LDH Tracking for Predicting Therapeutic Efficacy of Steroid Pulse Therapy in Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Interstitial lung disease: retrospective study of the prognostic impact of acute exacerbations.Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG · 2024Article
- Usefulness of Combined Measurement of Surfactant Protein D, Thrombin-Antithrombin III Complex, D-Dimer, and Plasmin-α2 Plasmin Inhibitor Complex in Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Survival and acute exacerbation for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: 5-year follow-up analysis of a prospective multi-institutional patient registry.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Article
- Physiological effects of lung-protective ventilation in patients with lung fibrosis and usual interstitial pneumonia pattern versus primary ARDS: a matched-control study.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Acute exacerbations of fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) occur in both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) as well as non-IPF ILDs. An expert consensus definition has allowed for more frequent reporting of IPF exacerbations. The same is lacking for non-IPF ILD exacerbations. The incidence of non-IPF ILD exacerbations is likely less than in IPF, but the two entities share similar risk factors, such as increased frequency as physiologic derangements advance. The radiologic and histopathologic spectrum of acute ILD exacerbations extends from organizing pneumonia (OP) to the more treatment-refractory diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) pattern. Indeed, responsiveness to various therapies may depend on the relative components of these entities, favoring OP over DAD. There are no proven therapies for acute ILD exacerbations. Corticosteroids are a mainstay in any regimen although clear evidence of benefit does not exist. A variety of immunosuppressant agents have purported success in historical cohort studies - cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine A, and tacrolimus most commonly. Only one randomized controlled trial has been published, studying recombinant thrombomodulin for IPF exacerbation, but the primary outcome of survivor proportion at 90 days was not met. Other novel therapies for ILD exacerbations are still under investigation. The short and long-term prognosis of acute exacerbations of ILD is poor, especially in patients with IPF. Transplant referral should be considered early for both IPF as well as fibrosing non-IPF ILDs, given the unpredictability of the exacerbation event.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.