ArticleChest2021
Characterization of Aerosol Generation During Various Intensities of Exercise.
Article in Chest, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Host factors associated with respiratory particle emission and virus presence within respiratory particles: a systematic review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of wearing a KF94 face mask on performance, perceptual parameters, and physiological responses during resistance exercise.Physical activity and nutrition · 2024Article
- What Have We Learned About Transmission of Coronavirus Disease-2019: Implications for Pulmonary Function Testing and Pulmonary Procedures.Clinics in chest medicine · 2023Review
- The Spread of Exhaled Air and Aerosols during Physical Exercise.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Complications of exercise and pharmacologic stress echocardiography.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in air and on surfaces and estimating infection risk in buildings and buses on a university campus.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2022Article
- Pulmonary function testing during SARS-CoV-2: An ANZSRS/TSANZ position statement.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2022Review
- Update on guidance and best practices for nuclear cardiology laboratories during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Emphasis on transition to chronic endemic state. An information statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI.Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology · 2022Review
- Aerosol particle emission increases exponentially above moderate exercise intensity resulting in superemission during maximal exercise.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- A comparison of respiratory particle emission rates at rest and while speaking or exercising.Communications medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- [Risk Management in Performing Post-Pandemic Pulmonary Function Tests].Open respiratory archivesArticle
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCharacterization of aerosol generation during exercise can inform the development of safety recommendations in the face of COVID-19. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does exercise at various intensities produce aerosols in significant quantities? STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsIn this experimental study, subjects were eight healthy volunteers (six men, two women) who were 20 to 63 years old. The 20-minute test protocol of 5 minutes rest, four 3-minute stages of exercise at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of age-predicted heart rate reserve, and 3 minutes active recovery was performed in a clean, controlled environment. Aerosols were measured by four particle counters that were place to surround the subject.
resultsAge averaged 41 ± 14 years. Peak heart rate was 173 ± 17 beat/min (97% predicted); peak maximal oxygen uptake was 33.9 ± 7.5 mL/kg/min; and peak respiratory exchange ratio was 1.22 ± 0.10. Maximal ventilation averaged 120 ± 23 L/min, while cumulative ventilation reached 990 ± 192 L. Concentrations increased exponentially from start to 20 minutes (geometric mean ± geometric SD particles/liter): Fluke >0.3 μm = 66 ± 1.8 → 1605 ± 3.8; 0.3-1.0 μm = 35 ± 2.2 → 1095 ± 4.6; Fluke 1.0-5.0 μm = 21 ± 2.0 → 358 ± 2.3; P-Trak anterior = 637 ± 2.3 → 5148 ± 3.0; P-Trak side = 708 ± 2.7 → 6844 ± 2.7; P-Track back = 519 ± 3.1 → 5853 ± 2.8. All increases were significant at a probability value of <.05. Exercise at or above 50% of predicted heart rate reserve showed statistically significant increases in aerosol concentration.
interpretationOur data suggest exercise testing is an aerosol-generating procedure and, by extension, other activities that involve exercise intensities at or above 50% of predicted heart rate reserve. Results can guide recommendations for safety of exercise testing and other indoor exercise activities.
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