ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Risk Factors for Infection and Health Impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in People With Autoimmune Diseases.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoantibodies in long COVID in a black/mixed population compared with recovered and pre-pandemic controls.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Comorbidity patterns associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes: A cohort study based on the UK Biobank.PloS one · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 vaccination status on hospitalization and disease severity: A descriptive study in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Cushing's syndrome and COVID-19.Pituitary · 2024Review
- Systematic analysis for clinical characteristics and outcomes of IgG4-related disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Article
- Era of COVID-19 in Multiple Sclerosis Care.Neurologic clinics · 2024Review
- Preventative Care in Scleroderma: What Is the Best Approach to Vaccination?Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America · 2023Review
- The pattern from the first three rounds of vaccination: declining vaccination rates.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Evaluating Risk: Benefit Ratio of Fat-Soluble Vitamin Supplementation to SARS-CoV-2-Infected Autoimmune and Cancer Patients: Do Vitamin-Drug Interactions Exist?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Willingness and uptake of the COVID-19 testing and vaccination in urban China during the low-risk period: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 in a multiethnic cohort of patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in Qatar.Qatar medical journal · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Impact and Vaccination Willingness among Romanian Patients with Autoimmune/Immune-Mediated Diseases.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Discordant humoral and T cell immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 therapy.EBioMedicine · 2021Article
- Discordant humoral and T cell immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 therapy.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2021Article
- Effect of Pre-exposure Use of Amantadine on COVID-19 Infection: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study in Patients With Parkinson's Disease or Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Perspectives and experiences with COVID-19 vaccines in people with MS.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
34 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPeople with autoimmune or inflammatory conditions taking immunomodulatory/suppressive medications may have higher risk of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Chronic disease care has also changed for many patients, with uncertain downstream consequences.
methodsWe included participants with autoimmune or inflammatory conditions followed by specialists at Johns Hopkins. Participants completed periodic surveys querying comorbidities, disease-modifying medications, exposures, COVID-19 testing and outcomes, social behaviors, and disruptions to healthcare. We assessed whether COVID-19 risk is higher among those on immunomodulating or suppressive agents and characterized pandemic-associated changes to care and mental health.
resultsIn total, 265 (5.6%) developed COVID-19 over 9 months of follow-up (April-December 2020). Patient characteristics (age, race, comorbidity, medications) were associated with differences in social distancing behaviors during the pandemic. Glucocorticoid exposure was associated with higher odds of COVID-19 in models incorporating behavior and other potential confounders (odds ratio [OR]: 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08, 1.89). Other medication classes were not associated with COVID-19 risk. Diabetes (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.73), cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.24, 2.28), and kidney disease (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.97) were associated with higher odds of COVID-19. Of the 2156 reporting pre-pandemic utilization of infusion, mental health or rehabilitative services, 975 (45.2%) reported disruptions therein, which disproportionately affected individuals experiencing changes to employment or income.
conclusionsGlucocorticoid exposure may increase risk of COVID-19 in people with autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. Disruption to healthcare and related services was common. Those with pandemic-related reduced income may be most vulnerable to care disruptions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.