Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33955251›Full record

ReviewJournal of diabetes science and technology2022

Algorithms for Automated Insulin Delivery: An Overview.

Andreas Thomas, Lutz Heinemann

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Care: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities Ahead.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2025
    Review
  10. Review
  11. A Review of Real-World Evidence About the Use of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in People With Type 1 Diabetes.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2025
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Observational
  16. Article
  17. Molecular Research on Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Observational
  20. Supporting the Use of a Person's Own Diabetes Technology in the Inpatient Setting.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Andreas ThomasWorking Group Diabetes & Technology of the German Diabetes Association, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6549-2793
Lutz HeinemannWorking Group Diabetes & Technology of the German Diabetes Association, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2493-1304
Deutsche Diabetes Stiftung · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The technology needed to "close the loop," that is, a system for continuous glucose monitoring and a pump that infuses insulin, are only 2 of the 3 components needed for each system for automated insulin delivery (AID), the other is a "translation" of the glucose information into the appropriate amount of insulin to be applied at a given point in time to keep glucose levels in the body in the target range. It might look straightforward to calculate the required insulin dose and control the pump to apply this immediately; however, once a given amount of insulin is in the body, it will be absorbed and become metabolically active. To avoid lowering glucose levels toward too low levels, the algorithms used to calculate the insulin dose have to take a number of other factors into account. This is needed to make sure that AID systems are not only efficient but also safe, that is, not only Time-in-Range should be maximal, also Time-below-Range should be minimal. The review characterizes the different types of AID algorithms that were developed in the last decades. Using a structured approach, the different algorithms are classified. A systematic evaluation of the performance of the different algorithms is missing, not only during the clinical development of AID systems, but also in daily practice. However, it might very well be that other factors determine which AID algorithms will be used in practice.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1InsulinAlgorithmsBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringGlucoseHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin Infusion SystemsBlood GlucoseGlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinautomated insulin deliverycontinuous glucose monitoringinsulin therapy

Identifiers

PMID33955251
PMCPMC9445345
OpenAlexW3159801398

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.