ArticleProcesses (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Overview and Update on Methods for Cargo Loading into Extracellular Vesicles.
Article in Processes (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers.
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Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed.
- Overview of Delivery Methods for Gene Editing.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Review
- Artificial intelligence and extracellular vesicles in oncology: towards tumor diagnosis, prediction, and therapy.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Advances in Extracellular Vesicle-Based Innovative Drugs Targeting Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Targeted delivery of peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGH) via engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) to clear intracellular bacterial infections.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Probiotics and Extracellular Vesicles as Redox Modulators in Wound Healing: From Microbial Therapeutics to Engineered Nanotherapeutic Strategies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as Molecular Regulators of Viral Infection: Implications for COVID-19 and Future Viral Pandemics.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Pericardial Extracellular Vesicles As Drug Carriers: Beyond Native Vesicle Therapy in Heart Failure.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Article
- Microfluidic Platforms for Exosome Engineering: Scalable Therapeutics for Cancer Immunotherapy and Infectious Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Matrix-Bound Nanovesicles as Tissue-Specific Signaling Hubs for Immunomodulation and Precision Regenerative Medicine.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Engineering Biomimetic 3D Microenvironments for Extracellular Vesicle Programming Toward Clinical Translation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Engineered small extracellular vesicles in hematologic malignancies: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and translational challenges.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-based delivery systems for nucleic acid therapeutics.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles as programmable bio-organic excipients: a next-generation platform for precision and immuno-silent drug delivery.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026Review
- Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and artificial nanovesicles: a translational framework for cell-free wound repair.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2026Review
- Small Extracellular Vesicles from Neural Cells: Physiological and Pathological Roles, and Potential in Neurodegenerative Therapy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Multifaceted Role of Extracellular Vesicles: Intercellular Messengers to Therapeutic Applications: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- Exploiting the role of milk extracellular vesicles: a comprehensive analysis on isolation methods, characterization, surface modifications, and their therapeutic applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The enormous library of pharmaceutical compounds presents endless research avenues. However, several factors limit the therapeutic potential of these drugs, such as drug resistance, stability, off-target toxicity, and inadequate delivery to the site of action. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles and are naturally released from cells. Growing evidence shows that EVs have great potential to serve as effective drug carriers. Since EVs can not only transfer biological information, but also effectively deliver hydrophobic drugs into cells, the application of EVs as a novel drug delivery system has attracted considerable scientific interest. Recently, EVs loaded with siRNA, miRNA, mRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, proteins, or therapeutic drugs show improved delivery efficiency and drug effect. In this review, we summarize the methods used for the cargo loading into EVs, including siRNA, miRNA, mRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, proteins, and therapeutic drugs. Furthermore, we also include the recent advance in engineered EVs for drug delivery. Finally, both advantages and challenges of EVs as a new drug delivery system are discussed. Here, we encourage researchers to further develop convenient and reliable loading methods for the potential clinical applications of EVs as drug carriers in the future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.