ArticleEye and brain2021
Monocular and Binocular Visual Function Deficits in Amblyopic Patients with and without Fusion Maldevelopment Nystagmus.
Article in Eye and brain, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Abnormal Fixational Eye Movements in Ophthalmic Disease: Implications for Visual Function and Clinical Assessment.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Review
- Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Strabismus with and without Amblyopia from Fixation Eye Movements.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Visually Guided Saccades in Amblyopia and Strabismus: The Roles of Sensory Deficits and Nystagmus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Differential Fixation and Eye Alignment Patterns in Strabismus with and Without Amblyopia Across Viewing Conditions.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
- "Look Versus See": Does Varying Fellow Eye Contrast Affect Perception of the Amblyopic Eye?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Dichoptic Visual Search at Varied Fellow Eye Contrasts and Visual Function Deficits in Amblyopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Evaluating Eye Tracking During Dichoptic Video Viewing With Varied Fellow Eye Contrasts in Amblyopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Associations between the cause of amblyopia and pre-treatment contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity, fixation, and nystagmus.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Multifaceted Interactions of Stereoacuity, Inter-Ocular Suppression, and Fixation Eye Movement Abnormalities in Amblyopia and Strabismus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Ocular and visual perceptive factors associated with treatment outcomes in patients with anisometropic amblyopia.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Observational
- Effect of Viewing Conditions on Fixation Eye Movements and Eye Alignment in Amblyopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Fixation eye movement abnormalities and stereopsis recovery following strabismus repair.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- A Multihead Attention Deep Learning Algorithm to Detect Amblyopia Using Fixation Eye Movements.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
purposeThe aim of the study is to examine the association between amblyopia type and the presence of nystagmus on binocular and monocular functions of the fellow (FE) and amblyopic eye (AE).
methodsWe recruited 19 controls and 44 amblyopes (anisometropes=13, strabismic=10, mixed=21). We measured visual, grating, and vernier acuities and high/low spatial frequency (SF) contrast sensitivities in each eye using a staircase method. Stereoacuity was measured with the Titmus fly test. We recorded fixation eye movements (FEM) using high-resolution video-oculography. Subjects were classified as having either no nystagmus (n=18), fusion maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome (FMNS) (n=12), or nystagmus without any structural anomalies that does not meet the criteria for FMNS or infantile nystagmus (n=14).
resultsAnalysis of visual function by clinical amblyopia type showed that patients with strabismus/mixed amblyopia (F (2,54)=9.5, p<0.001) were more likely to have poor stereopsis while controlling for AE grating acuity deficit. The FE of patients with anisometropia had greater contrast sensitivity deficits at low (F (2,43)=4.4, p=0.018) and high SF (F (2,42)=10.1, p<0.001). Analysis of visual function by FEM characteristics (low SF: (F (3,43)=4.3, p=0.010) and high SF: (F (3,42)=7.1, p=0.001) showed that the FE of patients with FMNS had worse low and high SF contrast sensitivities, whereas those without FMNS had greater contrast sensitivity deficits only at high SF compared to controls. Patients with FMNS (F (3,54) = 12.9, p<0.001) were more likely to have poor stereopsis while controlling for AE grating acuity deficit compared to patients without FMNS. All amblyopic patients had worse high SF contrast sensitivity of the AE irrespective of type or FEM characteristics (Type = F (2,43)=8.8, p=0.001; FEM characteristics= F (3,43)=5.1, p=0.004).
conclusionThe presence of FMNS in patients with strabismic/mixed amblyopia is associated with poor/absent stereopsis. FE deficits vary across amblyopia type. Like FEM abnormalities, visual function deficits are seen in the FE of patients with and without nystagmus.
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