ReviewExperimental & molecular medicine2021
Innate immune sensing of coronavirus and viral evasion strategies.
Review in Experimental & molecular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- An integrative meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-protein interactomes identifies conserved host factors shared with other RNA viruses.Briefings in functional genomics · 2026Pooled it
- COVID-19 pandemic: the delta variant, T-cell responses, and the efficacy of developing vaccines.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2022Pooled it
- Assessment of severity and mortality of COVID-19 with anti-A1 and anti-B IgM isohaemagglutinins, a reflection of the innate immune status.International journal of clinical practice · 2021Trial
- Interferon regulatory factors orchestrate CD8International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Coronavirus Nsp15 endoribonuclease: linking viral RNA regulation to immune evasion and viral fitness.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- MELK inhibition disrupts actin cytoskeleton and broadly restricts human coronavirus infections.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Beyond assembly: functions of the coronavirus M protein.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Assessment of lipid mediators in the urine of patients with Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Targeting innate immunity to overcome immune evasion in HPV-associated cancers.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Dose-dependent activation of the Hippo pathway by Type I and Type III interferons suppresses tissue repair by human bronchial epithelial cells.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Spike protein-induced VSIR-ISX signaling disrupts metabolic homeostasis and promotes COVID-19-related immune dysfunction.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- Biological Plausibility Between Long-COVID and Periodontal Disease Development or Progression.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Isogenic induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived airway- and alveolus-on-chip models reveal specific innate immune responses.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- RNA and ChIP-sequencing analysis reveals SOX3 suppresses antiviral innate immunity through the AKT1-PTEN signaling axis.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Coronaviral nsp6 hijacks ERAD machinery to facilitate lipolysis and supply membrane components for DMV growth.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Current Status and Challenges of Vaccine Development for Seasonal Human Coronaviruses.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Viral persistence in long COVID: Research advances and treatment strategies.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- Structural and functional analyses of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3 and its specific interactions with the 5' UTR of the viral genome.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Article
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of the host defense program against pathogens and harmful substances. Antiviral innate immune responses can be triggered by multiple cellular receptors sensing viral components. The activated innate immune system produces interferons (IFNs) and cytokines that perform antiviral functions to eliminate invading viruses. Coronaviruses are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that have a broad range of animal hosts. Coronaviruses have evolved multiple means to evade host antiviral immune responses. Successful immune evasion by coronaviruses may enable the viruses to adapt to multiple species of host organisms. Coronavirus transmission from zoonotic hosts to humans has caused serious illnesses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), resulting in global health and economic crises. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying host sensing of and innate immune responses against coronavirus invasion, as well as host immune evasion strategies of coronaviruses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.