ArticleBMJ open2021
Chronic disaster impact: the long-term psychological and physical health consequences of housing damage due to induced earthquakes.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Built environment features: Predictors or effect modifiers of post-disaster mental health outcomes? A systematic review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Pooled it
- Remote EMDR versus CBT for PTSD after the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes: a randomized trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Self-Compassion, Perceived Stress, and Trauma-Related Symptoms in Adolescents Exposed to an Earthquake.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploring the links: environmental identity, nature connectedness, eco-anxiety and psychological well-being after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Limiting the health impact of earthquakes: a call to action.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Exploring the moderating role of gender in the effect of earthquake resilience on earthquake anxiety.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Beyond the Earthquake: Cardiovascular Consequences and Lessons for Colombia.Global heart · 2026Review
- The effects of earthquakes on children with autism: teachers' post-earthquake observations and experiences.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The role of physical activity in self-rated health in a region affected by mining dam collapse: Brumadinho Health Project.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Exposing the loci of bias: a taxonomical exploration of sources of bias in population mental health research.Population health metrics · 2025Review
- Unveiling the Effects of Natural Disasters and Nuclear Energy on the Secondary Sex Ratio: A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A structural equation model of parenting and child's resilience after the earthquake in Türkiye.Family process · 2025Article
- Associations between housing and psychological damage by earthquake and modifiable risk factors for dementia in general older adults: Tohoku Medical Megabank community-based cohort study.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2024Article
- Healthcare Impacts Associated with Federally Declared Disasters-Hurricanes Gustave and Ike.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Importance of continuing health care before emergency hospital evacuation: a fatal case of a hospitalized patient in a hospital within 5 km radius of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- The Outcome of Orthopedics Treatment of Lombok Earthquake Victim 2018: A Cohort of One-Year Follow-Up Study-Lesson Learned After Lombok Earthquake.Orthopedic research and reviews · 2023Article
- A Safe Home? A Qualitative Study into the Experiences of Adolescents Growing Up in the Dutch Area Impacted by Earthquakes Induced by Gas Extraction.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the long-term (psychosomatic) health consequences of man-made earthquakes compared with a non-exposure control group. Exposure was hypothesised to have an increasingly negative impact on health outcomes over time.
settingLarge-scale gas extraction in the Netherlands causing earthquakes and considerable damage.
participantsA representative sample of inhabitants randomly selected from municipal population records; contacted 5 times during 21 months (T1: N=3934; T5: N=2150; mean age: 56.54; 50% men; at T5, N=846 (39.3%) had no, 459 (21.3%) once and 736 (34.2%) repeated damages). MAIN MEASURES: (Psychosomatic) health outcomes: self-rated health and Mental Health Inventory (both: validated; Short Form Health Survey); stress related health symptoms (shortened version of previously validated symptoms list). Independent variable: exposure to the consequences of earthquakes assessed via physical (peak ground acceleration) and personal exposure (damage to housing: none, once, repeated).
resultsExposure to induced earthquakes has negative health consequences especially for those whose homes were damaged repeatedly. Compared with a no-damage control group, repeated damage was associated with lower self-rated health (OR:1.64), mental health (OR:1.83) and more stress-related health symptoms (OR:2.52). Effects increased over time: in terms of relative risk, by T5, those whose homes had repeated damage were respectively 1.60 and 2.11 times more likely to report poor health and negative mental health and 2.84 times more at risk of elevated stress related health symptoms. Results for physical exposure were comparable.
conclusionThis is the first study to provide evidence that induced earthquakes can have negative health consequences for inhabitants over time. It identifies the subpopulation particularly at risk: people with repeated damages who have experienced many earthquakes. Findings can have important implications for the prevention of negative health consequences of induced earthquakes.
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