ArticleScience advances2021
The impact of contraceptive access on high school graduation.
Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- A harmonized dataset of education- and age-specific fertility rates for DHS countries.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Contraceptive access and infant health outcomes.Journal of health economics · 2025Article
- Relationship between experiencing a challenge or delay accessing contraception and contraceptive self-efficacy: Data from a 2022 nationally representative online survey.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Linking national primary care electronic health records to individual records from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey: evaluating the likelihood of linkage based on patient health.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2025Article
- Sexual and reproductive health awareness and practices among adolescents and adults in a rural farming community in Baja California, Mexico: a quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2024Article
- Changes in contraceptive method mix following the Colorado Family Planning Initiative.Contraception · 2024Article
- Examining the impact of Medicaid payments for immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception on the mental health of low-income mothers.Health services research · 2024Article
- Catholic Hospital Affiliation and Postpartum Contraceptive Care and Subsequent Deliveries.JAMA internal medicine · 2024Article
- Contraceptive access reform and abortion: Evidence from Delaware.Health services research · 2023Article
- Expanded Contraceptive Access Linked To Increase In College Completion Among Women In Colorado.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2022Article
- The Colorado Initiative to Reduce Unintended Pregnancy: Contraceptive Access and Impact on Reproductive Health.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Using administrative records to support the linkage of census data: protocol for building a longitudinal infrastructure of U.S. census records.International journal of population data science · 2022Article
- Dying Young in the United States: What's Driving High Death Rates Among Americans Under Age 25 and What Can Be Done?Population bulletin · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Does access to the full range of contraceptive methods increase young women's educational attainment? Family planning programs are often justified by claims that it does, but contemporary evidence is unexpectedly weak. We use a natural experiment afforded by a 2009 Colorado policy change to assess the impact of expanded access to contraception on women's high school graduation. Linking survey and Census data, we follow a population-representative U.S. sample, including large subsamples of young women living in Colorado in 2010 and in comparison states. Using a difference-in-differences design, we find expansion of access to contraception was associated with a statistically significant 1.66 percentage-point increase in high school graduation. This increase in graduation represents a 14% decrease in the baseline percentage not graduating high school before the policy change. Results are robust to a variety of sensitivity tests. Our findings indicate that improving access to contraception increases young women's human capital formation.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.