Observational studyBMC psychiatry2021
Consultation-liaison psychiatry in Japan: a nationwide retrospective observational study.
Observational study in BMC psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preliminary real-world trends in outpatient revenue following implementation of disease-modifying therapies in general hospital psychiatry in Japan.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Profiles of inpatient psychiatry referrals: a 4-year analysis in a Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry service.BMC psychiatry · 2026Observational
- Association of community welfare resources and outpatient occupational therapy with psychiatric length of stay: A nationwide analysis in Japan.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Personalised Psychological Care in Hospitals: An Organisational Model of Integrated, Patient- and Staff-Centred Services (2019-2024).Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Assessing Delirium Vulnerability in Patients Referred to Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Service: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Effect of Lemborexant-Based Sleep Medication Formulary on Benzodiazepine Reduction and Clinical Outcomes: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Article
- Risk factors associated with unplanned readmissions and frequent out-of-hour emergency department visits after pediatric tracheostomy: a nationwide inpatient database study in Japan.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Existing Data Sources for Clinical Epidemiology: Database of the National Hospital Organization in Japan.Clinical epidemiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConsultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP)-professional psychiatric care provided to coordinate with surgical or medical treatment of inpatients with psychiatric disorders-was included in universal health coverage in Japan in 2012. Despite evidence of benefits of CLP, basic data and geographic distribution information regarding CLP at the national level remain unclear. This study aimed to 1) identify the geographic disparity of CLP in Japan and 2) investigate the association between number of consultations per CLP patient and region.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed anonymized data retrieved from the Japanese administrative inpatient database regarding inpatients who were provided CLP between April 2012 and March 2017. Demographic characteristics were summarized and geographic disparity by prefecture was visualized for fiscal years 2012 and 2016; we also summarized the data according to region. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to investigate association between the number of consultations per CLP patient and region after adjusting for covariates.
resultsData from a total of 46,171 patients who received 138,866 CLP services were included. Results revealed more patients aged 75-84 years received CLPs than any other age group (29.7%) and the overall male/female ratio was 53:47 in 2016. In 2012 and 2016, 24.2 and 30.7% of CLP patients, respectively, were transferred to other hospitals; 9.7 and 8.8%, respectively, discharged due to the death. CLP services were provided in 14 prefectures in 2012 and 33 by 2016; 14 prefectures had no available CLP services. After adjusting for covariates, Tohoku (β = - 0.220, p < 0.034), Chugoku (β = - 0.160, p < 0.026), and Shikoku (β = - 0.555, p < 0.001) had a significant negative correlation with the number of consultations per CLP patient compared with Hokkaido region (an adjusted R square (R2) = 0.274).
conclusionsOur study clarified the characteristics of patients in Japan who received CLPs and the geographic disparity in CLP services. Although 5 years had passed since CLP was introduced, the results imply wide availability of CLP nationally. The analysis data provided may inform future policies to improve CLP services.
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