ArticleJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism2021
CSF lipocalin-2 increases early in subarachnoid hemorrhage are associated with neuroinflammation and unfavorable outcome.
Article in Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Common Data Elements for Disorders of Consciousness: Recommendations from the Working Group on Biospecimens and Biomarkers.Neurocritical care · 2024Pooled it
- EGCG-loaded nanoparticles attenuate post-SAH white matter injury by targeting HO-1/S100A10 to suppress oxidative stress-induced reactive astrocytes.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2026Article
- Lcn2 Promotes Ferroptosis in Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Targeting Keap1 Tyr572 and Restricting Nrf2 Activation.MedComm · 2026Article
- Lipocalin-2 in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and Therapeutic Targeting.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Review
- Distinct Inflammatory Profiles in Angiography-Negative Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Focused Case Series.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- A NET-competent neutrophil subpopulation drives early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Linking Triglyceride-Glucose Index to Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Mechanisms and Predictive Insights.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Review
- Lipocalin 2 Facilitates the Initial Compromise of the Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Identification of pivotal genes and regulatory networks associated with SAH based on multi-omics analysis and machine learning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Different Kinetics of Serum ADAMTS13, GDF-15, and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in the Early Phase of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- CNS-peripheral immune interactions in hemorrhagic stroke.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Review
- Effect of stress-induced hyperglycemia after non-traumatic non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage on clinical complications and functional outcomes.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Article
- A new perspective on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics after subarachnoid hemorrhage: From normal physiology to pathophysiological changes.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Review
- The role of lipocalin 2 in brain injury and recovery after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Specific signature biomarkers highlight the potential mechanisms of circulating neutrophils in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Identification of Neutrophil-Related Factor LCN2 for Predicting Severity of Patients With Influenza A Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 mediates neuro-inflammation and iron homeostasis in vascular injuries of the central nervous system (CNS) and is upregulated in extra-CNS systemic inflammation. We postulate that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood lipocalin-2 levels are associated with markers of inflammation and functional outcome in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We prospectively enrolled 67 SAH subjects, serially measured CSF and plasma lipocalin-2, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on post-SAH days 1-5 and assessed outcome by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) every 3 months. Unfavorable outcome is defined as mRS > 2. Twenty non-SAH patients undergoing lumbar drain trial were enrolled as controls. Lipocalin-2 was detectable in the CSF and significantly higher in SAH compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Higher CSF LCN2 throughout post-SAH days 1-5 was associated with unfavorable outcome at 3 (p = 0.0031) and 6 months (p = 0.014). Specifically, higher CSF lipocalin-2 on post-SAH days 3 (p = 0.036) and 5 (p = 0.016) were associated with unfavorable 3-month outcome. CSF lipocalin-2 levels positively correlated with CSF IL-6, TNF-α and MMP-9 levels. Higher plasma lipocalin-2 levels over time were associated with worse 6-month outcome. Additional studies are required to understand the role of lipocalin-2 in SAH and to validate CSF lipocalin-2 as a potential biomarker for SAH outcome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.