ArticlePsychiatry investigation2021
The Relationship of Lifestyle Factors with the Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder by Ecological Factors.
Article in Psychiatry investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative Stress and Neuroimaging Alterations in Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Factors associated with suicidal ideation among unmarried Korean women in their twenties: a cross-sectional study.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Depression increases the risk of contracting genital herpes and genital wart in U.S. adults: A cross-sectional analysis.Medicine · 2025Article
- Employing the X-Learner Algorithm to Evaluate the Intervention Effects of Physical Activity on Determinants of Elderly Mental Health.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Adverse outcomes and health-ecological influencing factors of preoperative frailty among elderly patients with gastric cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Observational
- Stress, Depression, and Unhealthy Behavior Changes among Patients with Diabetes during COVID-19 in Korea.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of a lifestyle modification programme in the treatment of depression symptoms in primary care.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe association between ecological/lifestyle factors and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been provided but was inconsistent as characteristics of population including race, gender, etc.
methodsData were extracted from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and consisted of 35,839 adults including 1,537 with MDD. Ecological factors included age, sex, married status, education, family income, residence, occupation, BMI, self-recognition stress, and history of non-communicable disease. Smoking, drinking, regular exercise, total energy intake, and sleep was consisted for lifestyle factors. The relationship between MDD and ecological/lifestyle factors, was evaluated using the multiple logistic regression model after adjustment for covariates.
resultsThe increased prevalence of MDD in men was related aged, unmarried, low educated, unoccupied, high BMI, and high self-recognition stress. To women, MDD prevalence was increased as aged, low educated and family income, resided in urban, unoccupied, high self-recognition stress and history of non-communicable disease. Current smoking/drinking and lack of sleep was positively related with prevalence of MDD in women. The relationship between lifestyle factors and MDD prevalence was influenced by ecological status, predominantly in women.
conclusionThe relationship of lifestyle factors with MDD prevalence were observed and could be attenuated by various ecological factors, in women.
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