ArticleNeuroImage2021
A high-resolution interactive atlas of the human brainstem using magnetic resonance imaging.
Article in NeuroImage, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Considerations and recommendations from the ISMRM diffusion study group for preclinical diffusion MRI: Part 2-Ex vivo imaging: Added value and acquisition.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Guideline
- A high-resolution functional network-organized atlas of human superficial white matter from ultra-high-field diffusion MRI.iScience · 2026Article
- Automated Segmentation of Brainstem and Subcortical White Matter: Mapping the Deep Tegmental Core with BundleParc.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Probabilistic mapping and automated segmentation of human brainstem white matter bundles.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Cholinergic network disruptions on cognitive function across the spectrum of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Automated MRI Segmentation of Brainstem Nuclei Critical to Consciousness.Human brain mapping · 2025Observational
- Central nervous system control of breathing in natural conversation turn-taking.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Considerations and recommendations from the ISMRM Diffusion Study Group for preclinical diffusion MRI: Part 3-Ex vivo imaging: Data processing, comparisons with microscopy, and tractography.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Review
- Comparison of structural connectomes for modeling deep brain stimulation pathway activation.NeuroImage · 2025Article
- MedullaMentor: A Web Interactive Brainstem Atlas.Medical science educator · 2025Article
- Establishing connectivity through microdissections of midbrain stimulation-related neural circuits.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Simultaneous cortical, subcortical, and brainstem mapping of sensory activation.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Multimodal MRI reveals brainstem connections that sustain wakefulness in human consciousness.Science translational medicine · 2024Article
- Simultaneous cortical, subcortical, and brainstem mapping of sensory activation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Functional representation of trigeminal nociceptive input in the human periaqueductal gray.Science advances · 2024Article
- Ultrahigh-resolution 7-Tesla anatomic magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging ofFrontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- ProbaStem, a pipeline towards the first high-resolution probabilistic atlas of the whole human brainstem.Brain structure & function · 2024Article
- Phylogenetic reduction of the magnocellular red nucleus in primates and inter-subject variability in humans.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2024Article
- Comparison of Anatomical Pathway Models with Tractography Estimates of the Pallidothalamic, Cerebellothalamic, and Corticospinal Tracts.Brain connectivity · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Conventional atlases of the human brainstem are limited by the inflexible, sparsely-sampled, two-dimensional nature of histology, or the low spatial resolution of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Postmortem high-resolution MRI circumvents the challenges associated with both modalities. A single human brainstem specimen extending from the rostral diencephalon through the caudal medulla was prepared for imaging after the brain was removed from a 65-year-old male within 24 h of death. The specimen was formalin-fixed for two weeks, then rehydrated and placed in a custom-made MRI compatible tube and immersed in liquid fluorocarbon. MRI was performed in a 7-Tesla scanner with 120 unique diffusion directions. Acquisition time for anatomic and diffusion images were 14 h and 208 h, respectively. Segmentation was performed manually. Deterministic fiber tractography was done using strategically chosen regions of interest and avoidance, with manual editing using expert knowledge of human neuroanatomy. Anatomic and diffusion images were rendered with isotropic resolutions of 50 μm and 200 μm, respectively. Ninety different structures were segmented and labeled, and 11 different fiber bundles were rendered with tractography. The complete atlas is available online for interactive use at https://www.civmvoxport.vm.duke.edu/voxbase/login.php?return_url=%2Fvoxbase%2F. This atlas presents multiple contrasting datasets and selected tract reconstruction with unprecedented resolution for MR imaging of the human brainstem. There are immediate applications in neuroanatomical education, with the potential to serve future applications for neuroanatomical research and enhanced neurosurgical planning through "safe" zones of entry into the human brainstem.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.