Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33951508›Full record

ArticleNeuroImage2021

A 4-year longitudinal neuroimaging study of cognitive control using latent growth modeling: developmental changes and brain-behavior associations.

Jungmeen Kim-Spoon, Toria Herd, Alexis Brieant, Jacob Elder, Jacob Lee, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Brooks King-Casas

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NeuroImage, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Outline: The Long-Term Impact of Exercise on Adolescent Growth and Development.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Neural Signatures of Cognitive Control Predict Future Adolescent Substance Use Onset and Frequency.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jungmeen Kim-SpoonDepartment of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Electronic address: jungmeen@vt.edu.
Toria HerdDepartment of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Alexis BrieantDepartment of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Jacob ElderDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Jacob LeeFralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
Kirby Deater-DeckardDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Brooks King-CasasDepartment of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.

Funding

Neurobehavioral Determinants of Health Risk Behaviors: From Adolescence to Young AdulthoodR01DA036017 · NIDA · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI CASAS, BROOKS, KIM-SPOON, JUNGMEEN · 2013 to 2022
$7.2M
Social influences on choices in adolescent substance useR01DA051573 · NIDA · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI CASAS, BROOKS, CHIU, PEARL H · 2021 to 2025
$3.5M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA036017NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA051573
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite theoretical models suggesting developmental changes in neural substrates of cognitive control in adolescence, empirical research has rarely examined intraindividual changes in cognitive control-related brain activation using multi-wave multivariate longitudinal data. We used longitudinal repeated measures of brain activation and behavioral performance during the multi-source interference task (MSIT) from 167 adolescents (53% male) who were assessed annually over four years from ages 13 to 17 years. We applied latent growth modeling to delineate the pattern of brain activation changes over time and to examine longitudinal associations between brain activation and behavioral performance. We identified brain regions that showed differential change patterns: (1) the fronto-parietal regions that involved bilateral insula, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, left pre-supplementary motor area, left inferior parietal lobule, and right precuneus; and (2) the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) region. Longitudinal confirmatory factor analyses of the fronto-parietal regions revealed strong measurement invariance across time implying that multivariate functional magnetic resonance imaging data during cognitive control can be measured reliably over time. Latent basis growth models indicated that fronto-parietal activation decreased over time, whereas rACC activation increased over time. In addition, behavioral performance data, age-related improvement was indicated by a decreasing trajectory of intraindividual variability in response time across four years. Testing longitudinal brain-behavior associations using multivariate growth models revealed that better behavioral cognitive control was associated with lower fronto-parietal activation, but the change in behavioral performance was not related to the change in brain activation. The current findings suggest that reduced effects of cognitive interference indicated by fronto-parietal recruitment may be a marker of a maturing brain that underlies better cognitive control performance during adolescence.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdolescent BehaviorAdolescent DevelopmentCerebral CortexExecutive FunctionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMagnetic Resonance ImagingMalePsychomotor PerformanceReproducibility of ResultsBrain-behavior associationsCognitive controlDevelopmental changesFunctional magnetic resonance imagingLatent variable modelingTest-retest reliability

Identifiers

PMID33951508
PMCPMC8316755

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.