Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33951427›Full record

ArticleCell reports2021

Anterior insula regulates brain network transitions that gate conscious access.

Zirui Huang, Vijay Tarnal, Phillip E Vlisides, Ellen L Janke, Amy M McKinney, Paul Picton, George A Mashour, Anthony G Hudetz

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed
9.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Mindful attention promotes control of brain network dynamics for self-regulation and discontinues the past from the present.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
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  14. Illuminating consciousness.Frontiers in psychology · 2026
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Preservation of anticorrelated brain networks predicts recovery after traumatic brain injury.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
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  19. Article
  20. Amygdala-insula response to neutral stimuli and the prospective prediction of anxiety sensitivity.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Zirui HuangDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: huangzu@umich.edu.
Vijay TarnalDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Phillip E VlisidesDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Ellen L JankeDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Amy M McKinneyDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Paul PictonDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
George A MashourDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Anthony G HudetzDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: ahudetz@med.umich.edu.
University of Michigan · US

Funding

Neuroimaging of Anesthetic Modulation of Human ConsciousnessR01GM103894 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Zirui Huang, Anthony George Hudetz · 2013 to 2026
$4.0M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM103894
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Conscious access to sensory information is likely gated at an intermediate site between primary sensory and transmodal association cortices, but the structure responsible remains unknown. We perform functional neuroimaging to determine the neural correlates of conscious access using a volitional mental imagery task, a report paradigm not confounded by motor behavior. Titrating propofol to loss of behavioral responsiveness in healthy volunteers creates dysfunction of the anterior insular cortex (AIC) in association with an impairment of dynamic transitions of default-mode and dorsal attention networks. Candidate subcortical regions mediating sensory gating or arousal (thalamus, basal forebrain) fail to show this association. The gating role of the AIC is consistent with findings in awake participants, whose conscious access is predicted by pre-stimulus AIC activity near perceptual threshold. These data support the hypothesis that AIC, situated at an intermediate position of the cortical hierarchy, regulates brain network transitions that gate conscious access.

Indexed as

BrainConsciousnessHealthy VolunteersHumansInsular Cortexanesthesiaanterior insular cortexconscious accessconsciousnesscortical gradientsdefault-mode networkfMRIfunctional hierarchyperceptual awarenessprestimulus activity

Identifiers

PMID33951427
PMCPMC8157795
OpenAlexW3159510851

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.