ArticleImmunity2021
Uncoupling of macrophage inflammation from self-renewal modulates host recovery from respiratory viral infection.
Article in Immunity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Metabolic control of macrophages in coronavirus disease 2019.Virulence · 2026Review
- Alveolar Macrophages: Development, Respiratory Homeostasis, Signal Pathways, Diseases, and Therapeutic Opportunities.MedComm · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial reprogramming of alveolar macrophages by umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells restores immune homeostasis inMaterials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Single cell multi-omics guided hydrogel enables closed-loop therapy for renal osteodystrophy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- miR-Novel-80 Suppresses Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication by Targeting the ViralAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Alveolar macrophage-derived TGF-β promotes acute lung injury recovery by regulating inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Review
- Heritable single-cell gene expression states shape functional variability in innate immune responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Insights into the therapeutic strategies for aging and aging-associated diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- HIF-1α Promotes Macrophage Extracellular Trap Formation and Exacerbates Acute Lung Injury in Neonatal Sepsis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Immune cell disorder in viral pneumonia.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- USP17L2 Regulates SphK1 Ubiquitination and Stability during Autophagy and Pyroptosis in Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- HIF-1αImmunity · 2026Article
- A diagnostic model based on pulmonary microbiota and host gene expression to distinguish colonization from pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Macrophage β-catenin-Ihh axis induces hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Recent perspectives on macrophage memory: types, mechanisms, and characteristics in pulmonary diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Splenic PD-L1Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Hypoxia: a critical pathophysiological driver in respiratory inflammatory diseases.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tissue macrophages self-renew during homeostasis and produce inflammatory mediators upon microbial infection. We examined the relationship between proliferative and inflammatory properties of tissue macrophages by defining the impact of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, a central regulator of self-renewal, in alveolar macrophages (AMs). Activation of β-catenin by Wnt ligand inhibited AM proliferation and stemness, but promoted inflammatory activity. In a murine influenza viral pneumonia model, β-catenin-mediated AM inflammatory activity promoted acute host morbidity; in contrast, AM proliferation enabled repopulation of reparative AMs and tissue recovery following viral clearance. Mechanistically, Wnt treatment promoted β-catenin-HIF-1α interaction and glycolysis-dependent inflammation while suppressing mitochondrial metabolism and thereby, AM proliferation. Differential HIF-1α activities distinguished proliferative and inflammatory AMs in vivo. This β-catenin-HIF-1α axis was conserved in human AMs and enhanced HIF-1α expression associated with macrophage inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Thus, inflammatory and reparative activities of lung macrophages are regulated by β-catenin-HIF-1α signaling, with implications for the treatment of severe respiratory diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.