ArticleClinical pharmacology in drug development2021
A Phase 1 Open-Label, Fixed-Sequence Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Trial to Investigate the Effect of Cannabidiol on the CYP1A2 Probe Caffeine in Healthy Subjects.
Article in Clinical pharmacology in drug development, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Influence of CBD and THC on Hepatic Enzymes of the Human Cytochrome P450 Complex Family: A Systematic Literature Review.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluation of potential drug-drug interactions with medical cannabis.Clinical and translational science · 2024Pooled it
- Update on Cannabidiol Clinical Toxicity and Adverse Effects: A Systematic Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Integrating Static and Dynamic Models to Predict Cannabidiol-Mediated Metabolic Drug-Drug Interactions.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- [Psychiatric aspects of commercially available products containing cannabidiol].Der Nervenarzt · 2026Review
- Clinical Study to Evaluate Drug Interactions of Cannabidiol with Citalopram and Morphine in Healthy Adults.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Update of the statement on safety of cannabidiol as a novel food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Phytocannabinoid-drug interactions: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms, clinical relevance and toxicological considerations.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Article
- An Overview of the Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Drugs and Cannabis Products in Humans.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Cannabidiol in Foods and Food Supplements: Evaluation of Health Risks and Health Claims.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Utilization of Cannabidiol in Post-Organ-Transplant Care.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Clinical guidance for cannabidiol-associated hepatotoxicity: A narrative review.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2024Review
- CBD and THC in Special Populations: Pharmacokinetics and Drug-Drug Interactions.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Metabolism and liver toxicity of cannabidiol.Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Toxicology and carcinogenesis · 2024Review
- Evaluation of Cytochrome P450-Mediated Cannabinoid-Drug Interactions in Healthy Adult Participants.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2.Journal of dietary supplements · 2023Article
- Statement on safety of cannabidiol as a novel food: data gaps and uncertainties.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2022Article
- Comprehensive Predictions of Cytochrome P450 (P450)-Mediated In Vivo Cannabinoid-Drug Interactions Based on Reversible and Time-Dependent P450 Inhibition in Human Liver Microsomes.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This pharmacokinetic (PK) drug-interaction trial investigated the effects of repeated dosing of a plant-derived pharmaceutical formulation of highly purified cannabidiol (CBD; Epidiolex in the United States and Epidyolex in Europe; 100 mg/mL oral solution) on caffeine clearance via modulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 activity in healthy adults. In this phase 1 open-label, fixed-sequence trial, all subjects received a single 200 mg caffeine dose and placebo on day 1. Subjects then titrated CBD from 250 mg once daily to 750 mg twice daily between days 3 and 11 and took 750 mg CBD twice daily between days 12 and 27. On day 26, subjects received a single 200-mg caffeine dose with their morning CBD dose. Plasma concentrations of caffeine and its CYP1A2-mediated metabolite, paraxanthine, were determined on days 1 and 26 and PK parameters derived using noncompartmental analysis. Safety was monitored throughout. Sixteen subjects enrolled, and 9 completed treatment. When caffeine was administered with steady-state CBD, caffeine exposure increased by 15% for C
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.