ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2021
The effects of secreted aspartyl proteinase inhibitor ritonavir on azoles-resistant strains of Candida albicans as well as regulatory role of SAP2 and ERG11.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Construction of Candida albicans pRB895-SAP2-SC5314 With SAP2 High Expression and Its Effects on Adhesion.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- Exploring the therapeutic mechanism of itraconazole combined with ritonavir onFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Roles of Nucleolar FactorInfection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Investigation of the relationship between fluconazole susceptibility, proteinase activity andCurrent medical mycology · 2024Article
- Relationships between Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase 2 and General Control Nonderepressible 4 gene in the Candida albicans resistant to itraconazole under planktonic and biofilm conditions.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- Repurposing HIV Protease Inhibitors Atazanavir and Darunavir as Antifungal Treatments againstCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- Genomic Variation-Mediating Fluconazole Resistance in Yeast.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Comparative Analysis of Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics Between InvasiveInfection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- The effects of secreted aspartyl proteinase inhibitor ritonavir on azoles-resistant strains of Candida albicans as well as regulatory role of SAP2 and ERG11.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCandida albicans, the main human fungal pathogen, can cause fungal infection and seriously affect people's health and life. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ritonavir (RIT) on C. albicans and the correlation between SAP2 as well as ERG11 and drug resistance.
resultsSecreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps) activities and pathogenicity of C. albicans with different drug resistance were measured. M27-A4 broth microdilution method was used to analyze the drug sensitivity of RIT combined with fluconazole (FCA) on C. albicans. After that, SAP2 and ERG11 mutations were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing, and quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to determine the expression of the two genes. By analyzing pz values, the Saps activity of cross-resistant strains was the highest, followed by voriconazole (VRC)-resistant strains, FCA-resistant strains, itraconazole (ITR)-resistant strains, and sensitive strains. The pathogenicity of C. albicans in descending order was as follows: cross-resistant strains, VRC-resistant strains, ITR-resistant strains, FCA-resistant strains, and sensitive strains. With the increase of RIT concentrations, the Saps activity was gradually inhibited. Drug sensitivity results showed that there was no synergistic effect between RIT and FCA. Additionally, no gene mutation sites were found in SAP2 sequencing, and 17 synonymous mutations and 6 missense mutations occurred in ERG11 sequencing. Finally, the expression of SAP2 and ERG11 was significantly higher in the resistant strains compared with the sensitive strains, and there was a positive liner correlation between SAP2 and ERG11 messenger RNA expression (r = .6655, p < .001).
conclusionThese findings may help to improve our understanding of azole-resistant mechanisms of C. albicans and provide a novel direction for clinical therapeutics of C. albicans infection.
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