SynthesisAge and ageing2021
What is the relationship between validated frailty scores and mortality for adults with COVID-19 in acute hospital care? A systematic review.
Synthesis in Age and ageing, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Long-term clinical outcomes of delirium after hospital discharge: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Age and ageing · 2025Pooled it
- Multimorbidity and frailty are associated with poorer SARS-CoV-2-related outcomes: systematic review of population-based studies.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Pooled it
- Association of frailty with outcomes in individuals with COVID-19: A living review and meta-analysis.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2021Pooled it
- Mortality Risks after Two Years in Frail and Pre-Frail Older Adults Admitted to Hospital.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Long COVID and hypertension-related disorders: a report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension Project Team on COVID-19.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2023Review
- Frailty and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on community-living middle-aged and older adults: an analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).Age and ageing · 2022Article
- Article
- Comparison between the first and second COVID-19 waves in Internal Medicine wards in Milan, Italy: a retrospective observational study.Internal and emergency medicine · 2022Observational
- The Clinical Frailty Scale as a triage tool for ICU admission of dialysis patients with COVID-19: an ERACODA analysis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2022Article
- Barthel's Index: A Better Predictor for COVID-19 Mortality Than Comorbidities.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2022Article
- 30-day mortality following COVID-19 and influenza hospitalization among US veterans aged 65 and older.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2022Article
- The clinical frailty scale predicts 1-year mortality in emergency department patients aged 65 years and older.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2022Article
- Characteristics and outcomes of older patients hospitalised for COVID-19 in the first and second wave of the pandemic in The Netherlands: the COVID-OLD study.Age and ageing · 2022Article
- Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) indicated frailty is associated with increased in-hospital and 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of intensive care · 2022Article
- Mortality risk factors in a Spanish cohort of oldest-old patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in an acute geriatric unit: the OCTA-COVID study.European geriatric medicine · 2021Observational
- Consequences of the Covid-19 virus on individuals receiving homecare services in Norway. A qualitative study of nursing students' reflective notes.BMC nursing · 2021Article
- Risk Factors for COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality in Institutionalised Elderly People.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Development, evaluation and use of COVID-19 vaccines in older adults: Preliminary principles for the pandemic and beyond.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
- Outcomes of older COVID-19 patients in Acute Care at Home, Southern HSC Trust, Northern Ireland, from March - June 2020.The Ulster medical journal · 2021Observational
- The degree of frailty as a translational measure of health in aging.Nature aging · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimThe aim of this systematic review was to quantify the association between frailty and COVID-19 in relation to mortality in hospitalised patients.
methodsMedline, Embase, Web of Science and the grey literature were searched for papers from inception to 10 September 2020; the search was re-run in Medline up until the 9 December 2020. Screening, data extraction and quality grading were undertaken by two reviewers. Results were summarised using descriptive statistics, including a meta-analysis of overall mortality; the relationships between frailty and COVID-19 mortality were summarised narratively.
resultsA total of 2,286 papers were screened resulting in 26 being included in the review. Most studies were from Europe, half from the UK, and one from Brazil; the median sample size was 242.5, median age 73.1 and 43.5% were female. In total, 22/26 used the Clinical Frailty Scale; reported mortality ranged from 14 to 65%. Most, but not all studies showed an association between increasing frailty and a greater risk of dying. Two studies indicated a sub-additive relationship between frailty, COVID-19 and death, and two studies showed no association.
conclusionsWhilst the majority of studies have shown a positive association between COVID-19-related death and increasing frailty, some studies suggested a more nuanced understanding of frailty and outcomes in COVID-19 is needed. Clinicians should exert caution in placing too much emphasis on the influence of frailty alone when discussing likely prognosis in older people with COVID-19 illness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.