ArticlePloS one2021
Nutritional markers of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in adults: Findings of a machine learning analysis with external validation and benchmarking.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Impact of machine learning on dietary and exercise behaviors in type 2 diabetes self-management: a systematic literature review.PeerJ. Computer science · 2025Article
- Detection of Diabetes through Microarray Genes with Enhancement of Classifiers Performance.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Fatty Acid Classes in Popular US Snacks Using NHANES Data.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Recent applications of machine learning and deep learning models in the prediction, diagnosis, and management of diabetes: a comprehensive review.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2022Review
- Machine Learning in Nutrition Research.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Predicting the 2-Year Risk of Progression from Prediabetes to Diabetes Using Machine Learning among Chinese Elderly Adults.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Machine learning and deep learning predictive models for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesUsing a nationally-representative, cross-sectional cohort, we examined nutritional markers of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in adults via machine learning.
methodsA total of 16429 men and non-pregnant women ≥ 20 years of age were analysed from five consecutive cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cohorts from years 2013-2016 (n = 6673) was used for external validation. Undiagnosed type 2 diabetes was determined by a negative response to the question "Have you ever been told by a doctor that you have diabetes?" and a positive glycaemic response to one or more of the three diagnostic tests (HbA1c > 6.4% or FPG >125 mg/dl or 2-hr post-OGTT glucose > 200mg/dl). Following comprehensive literature search, 114 potential nutritional markers were modelled with 13 behavioural and 12 socio-economic variables. We tested three machine learning algorithms on original and resampled training datasets built using three resampling methods. From this, the derived 12 predictive models were validated on internal- and external validation cohorts. Magnitudes of associations were gauged through odds ratios in logistic models and variable importance in others. Models were benchmarked against the ADA diabetes risk test.
resultsThe prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes was 5.26%. Four best-performing models (AUROC range: 74.9%-75.7%) classified 39 markers of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes; 28 via one or more of the three best-performing non-linear/ensemble models and 11 uniquely by the logistic model. They comprised 14 nutrient-based, 12 anthropometry-based, 9 socio-behavioural, and 4 diet-associated markers. AUROC of all models were on a par with ADA diabetes risk test on both internal and external validation cohorts (p>0.05).
conclusionsModels performed comparably to the chosen benchmark. Novel behavioural markers such as the number of meals not prepared from home were revealed. This approach may be useful in nutritional epidemiology to unravel new associations with type 2 diabetes.
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