Observational studyEuropean journal of endocrinology2021
Serum sodium alterations in SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: impact on patient outcome.
Observational study in European journal of endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of hypernatremia with mortality in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Pooled it
- Electrolyte imbalances as poor prognostic markers in COVID-19: a systemic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Pooled it
- ENDOCRINOLOGY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19-2021 UPDATES: The management of diabetes insipidus and hyponatraemia.European journal of endocrinology · 2021Guideline
- Case Report: Neuropsychiatric instability in structurally compromised CNS Erdheim-Chester disease: a diagnostic and management challenge.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Hyponatremia and the risk of sepsis in the setting of chronic kidney disease not on dialysis.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Innovative nomogram for predictive risk stratification of aspiration pneumonia in post-stroke dysphagia patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis/hyponatremia in COVID-19.Pituitary · 2024Review
- Implications of Dysnatremia and Endocrine Disturbances in COVID-19 Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Relationship between the Laboratory Biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at Discharge and the Severity of the Viral Pathology.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Hyponatremia after COVID-19 is frequent in the first year and increases re-admissions.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- COVID-19 and Incidence of Acute and Chronic Hyponatremia: A Matched Cohort Study.Kidney medicine · 2024Article
- Pituitary and SARS CoV-2: An unremitting conundrum.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2023Review
- Relationship between hyponatremia at hospital admission and cardiopulmonary profile at follow-up in patients with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Observational
- Hyponatremia and Cancer: From Bedside to Benchside.Cancers · 2023Review
- Risk Factors Related to the Death of Admitted COVID-19 Patients: A Buffalo Study.The open respiratory medicine journal · 2023Article
- Mechanical ventilation for COVID-19: Outcomes following discharge from inpatient treatment.PloS one · 2023Observational
- Inverse relationship between IL-6 and sodium levels in patients with COVID-19 and other respiratory tract infections: data from the COVIVA study.Endocrine connections · 2022Article
- [Dysnatremias and their association with morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID- 19].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2022Article
- Approach to the Patient: Hyponatremia and the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis (SIAD).The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Review
- [Sodium-chlorine difference as a prognostic predictor in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveHyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients and occurs in about 30% of patients with pneumonia. Hyponatremia has been associated with a worse outcome in several pathologic conditions The main objective of this study was to determine whether serum sodium alterations may be independent predictors of the outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. DESIGN AND
methodsIn this observational study, data from 441 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to a University Hospital were collected. After excluding 61 patients (no serum sodium at admission available, saline solution infusion before sodium assessment, transfer from another hospital), data from 380 patients were analyzed.
results274 (72.1%) patients had normonatremia at admission, 87 (22.9%) patients had hyponatremia and 19 (5%) patients had hypernatremia. We found an inverse correlation between serum sodium and IL-6, whereas a direct correlation between serum sodium and PaO2/FiO2 ratio was observed. Patients with hyponatremia had a higher prevalence of non-invasive ventilation and ICU transfer than those with normonatremia or hypernatremia. Hyponatremia was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (2.7-fold increase vs normonatremia) and each mEq/L of serum sodium reduction was associated with a 14.4% increased risk of death.
conclusionsThese results suggest that serum sodium at admission may be considered as an early prognostic marker of disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
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