ArticleGenes & genomics2021
Thymidine decreases the DNA damage and apoptosis caused by tumor-treating fields in cancer cell lines.
Article in Genes & genomics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor-treating fields in cancer therapy: advances of cellular and molecular mechanisms.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Ethanolic extract ofFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Anti-cancer mechanisms of action of therapeutic alternating electric fields (tumor treating fields [TTFields]).Journal of molecular cell biology · 2022Review
- NAPRT, but Not NAMPT, Provides Additional Support for NAD Synthesis in Esophageal Precancerous Lesions.Nutrients · 2022Article
- The schemes, mechanisms and molecular pathway changes of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) alone or in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Cell death discovery · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTumor-treating fields (TTFields) is an emerging non-invasive cancer-treatment modality using alternating electric fields with low intensities and an intermediate range of frequency. TTFields affects an extensive range of charged and polarizable cellular factors known to be involved in cell division. However, it causes side-effects, such as DNA damage and apoptosis, in healthy cells.
objectiveTo investigate whether thymidine can have an effect on the DNA damage and apoptosis, we arrested the cell cycle of human glioblastoma cells (U373) at G1/S phase by using thymidine and then exposed these cells to TTFields.
methodsCancer cell lines and normal cell (HaCaT) were arrested by thymidine double block method. Cells were seeded into the gap of between the insulated wires. The exposed in alternative electric fields at 120 kHz, 1.2 V/cm. They were counted the cell numbers and analyzed for cancer malignant such as colony formation, Annexin V/PI staining, γH2AX and RT-PCR.
resultsThe colony-forming ability and DNA damage of the control cells without thymidine treatment were significantly decreased, and the expression levels of BRCA1, PCNA, CDC25C, and MAD2 were distinctly increased. Interestingly, however, cells treated with thymidine did not change the colony formation, apoptosis, DNA damage, or gene expression pattern.
conclusionsThese results demonstrated that thymidine can inhibit the TTFields-caused DNA damage and apoptosis, suggesting that combining TTFields and conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, may enhance prognosis and decrease side effects compared with those of TTFields or conventional treatments alone.
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