ArticleHealth policy and planning2021
The incremental cost of improving immunization coverage in India through the Intensified Mission Indradhanush programme.
Article in Health policy and planning, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Economic implications of switching to the hexavalent infant vaccine in an immunization program in India.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Exploring supplemental immunization strategies to reach zero-dose children in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2026Article
- Scoping Review of Current Costing Literature on Interventions to Reach Zero-Dose Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Potential impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction in India's Universal Immunisation Programme on private sector vaccine utilisation: an interrupted time series analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Health impact and cost-effectiveness of expanding routine immunization coverage in India through Intensified Mission Indradhanush.Health policy and planning · 2024Article
- Why Reaching Zero-Dose Children Holds the Key to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Public finance of universal routine childhood immunization in India: district-level cost estimates.Health policy and planning · 2022Article
- Mission Indradhanush and Intensified Mission Indradhanush-Success Story of India's Universal Immunization Program and the Role of Mann Ki Baat in Bridging the Immunization Gap.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineReview
- Harnessing artificial intelligence and digital technology for enhancing routine immunization among zero-dose children.Digital healthReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) was a strategic endeavour launched by the Government of India aiming to achieve 90% full immunization coverage in the country by 2018. The basic strategy of this special drive involved identifying missed children and vaccinating them in temporary outreach sites for 1 week over consecutive 4-month period starting from October 2017. This study estimated the incremental economic and financial cost of conducting IMI in India from a government provider perspective. Five states-Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh were purposefully selected because of high concentration of IMI activities. The stratified random sample of 40 districts, 90 sub-districts and 289 sub-centres were included in this study. Cost data were retrospectively collected at all levels from administrative records, financial records and staff interviews involved in IMI. The weighted incremental economic cost per dose (including vaccine costs) was lowest in Uttar Pradesh (US$3.45) and highest in Maharashtra (U$12.23). Incremental economic cost per IMI dose was found to be higher than a recent routine immunization costing study by Chatterjee and colleagues in 2018, suggesting that it requires additional resources to immunize children through an intensified push in hard-to-reach areas. Incremental financial cost of the IMI programme estimated in this study will be helpful for the government for any future planning of such special initiative. The reasons for variation of unit costs of IMI across the study districts are not known, but lower baseline coverage, high population density, migration, geography and terrain and vaccinating small numbers of children per session could account for the range of findings. Further analysis is required to understand the determinants of cost variations of the IMI programme, which may aid in better planning and more efficient use of resources for future intensified efforts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.