ReviewHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2021
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): A review of generic and condition-specific measures and a discussion of trends and issues.
Review in Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 399 papers, 24 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
399 citing papers in PubMed, 24 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 656 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes following major dysvascular lower limb amputation: an updated systematic review.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness and Implementation of Digital Health Interventions on Physiological, Psychological, and Functional Outcomes in Adults With Multimorbidity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluating the Use of Anxiety Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in Dementia Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Pooled it
- Outcome domains of patient-reported outcome measures used in randomised controlled trials for older adults with non-specific low back pain: a systematic review.Age and ageing · 2026Pooled it
- Health-related quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnea - a systematic review update assessing the quality of measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Pooled it
- EASL position paper on palliative care in advanced chronic liver disease.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Guideline
- Artificial intelligence and patient reported outcomes in ophthalmology.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Pooled it
- Raising the patient's voice in influenza research and care: a systematic review of patient-reported outcomes.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Clinical Trials for Central Nervous System Injuries.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Patient-reported experiences and patient-reported experience measures in primary care, home care, and community settings. A scoping review.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Psychometric Properties of the SarQoL Questionnaire: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Pooled it
- Patient-reported outcome measures for use in patients with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: results of a systematic selection process.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Pooled it
- How to Assess Scar Quality in Pediatric Burn Patients: A Systematic Review on the Type and Content of Outcome Measurement Instruments.Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association · 2025Pooled it
- Patient-reported outcome measures poorly correlate with objective inflammatory bowel disease activity measures: a systematic review.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2025Pooled it
- Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test for Children (CARATkids): A systematic review and meta-analysis of its measurement properties.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Quality of life measures in Parkinson's disease: a systematic literature review of patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) and their psychometric properties.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Quality of patient-reported outcome measures for acute bronchitis: a systematic review of instruments and measurement properties.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2025Pooled it
- Structural and Psychometric Properties of Neck Pain Questionnaires Through Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- A COSMIN systematic review of generic patient-reported outcome measures in Switzerland.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
339 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPatient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are questionnaires that collect health outcomes directly from the people who experience them. This review critically synthesizes information on generic and selected condition-specific PROMs to describe trends and contemporary issues regarding their development, validation and application.
methodsWe reviewed academic and grey literature on validated PROMs by searching databases, prominent websites, Google Scholar and Google Search. The identification of condition-specific PROMs was limited to common conditions and those with a high burden of disease (eg cancers, cardiovascular disorders). Trends and contemporary issues in the development, validation and application of PROMs were critically evaluated.
resultsThe search yielded 315 generic and condition-specific PROMs. The largest numbers of measures were identified for generic PROMs, musculoskeletal conditions and cancers. The earliest published PROMs were in mental health-related conditions. The number of PROMs grew substantially between 1980s and 2000s but slowed more recently. The number of publications discussing PROMs continues to increase. Issues identified include the use of computer-adaptive testing and increasing concerns about the appropriateness of using PROMs developed and validated for specific purposes (eg research) for other reasons (eg clinical decision making).
conclusionsThe term PROM is a relatively new designation for a range of measures that have existed since at least the 1960s. Although literature on PROMs continues to expand, challenges remain in selecting reliable and valid tools that are fit-for-purpose from the many existing instruments. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Consumers were not directly involved in this review; however, its outcome will be used in programmes that engage and partner with consumers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.