ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology2021
The effect of estrogen in coronavirus disease 2019.
Review in American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Roles of sex and SP-A genetic variants in modulating multiorgan injuries post viral infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Estrogen and viral infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Description of pathogenic bacteria in patients with respiratory symptoms associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Colombia.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2023Article
- Sex hormones in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility: key players or confounders?Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2023Review
- The COVID-19 Mortality Rate Is Associated with Illiteracy, Age, and Air Pollution in Urban Neighborhoods: A Spatiotemporal Cross-Sectional Analysis.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- The immune response to COVID-19: Does sex matter?Immunology · 2022Review
- Predictors of anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity: An Egyptian population-based study.Infectious medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Effectiveness of Pfizer/BioNTech and Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccines in reducing hospital admissions in prince Hamza hospital, Jordan.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Immune Cell Interaction and Related Modulations for Bone Tissue Engineering.Stem cells international · 2022Review
- Testosterone in COVID-19: An Adversary Bane or Comrade Boon.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vary between men and women. Some statistical reports have shown that men have a higher risk of developing COVID-19 and suffer from worse outcomes than females. Although there are many factors that can explain the high prevalence of COVID-19 in men, such as lifestyle habits and the different profile of comorbidities among sexes, the distinctions between male and female immune systems cannot be ignored. It has been sufficiently shown that sex differences have a critical influence on the shaping of immune response, which then leads to different pathogenesis in infectious diseases. Compared with males, females typically have a more effective innate and adaptive immune response to viral infections in COVID-19. What's more, there is a growing body of evidence showing that estrogen exerts an effect on the regulation of immune response. This article examines the effect and mechanism of estrogen on COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.