ArticleCell reports. Medicine2021
A highly multiplexed droplet digital PCR assay to measure the intact HIV-1 proviral reservoir.
Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Single Dose Study of Pembrolizumab in People With HIV Infection Who are Immunologic Nonresponders.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Doubling dolutegravir dosage reduces the viral reservoir in ART-treated people with HIV.eLife · 2026Trial
- Long-term effect of temporary ART initiated during primary HIV-1 infection on viral persistence.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Quantification and localization of integrated HIV-1 in memory and naïve CD4+ T cells from adolescents and young adults with perinatally-acquired HIV-1.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Three immunoregulatory signatures define non-productive HIV infection in stem cell memory CD4Nature communications · 2026Article
- Tenofovir, Interferon Pathways, and Mucosal Immunity: Implications for People Living With HIV.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Three immunoregulatory signatures define non-productive HIV infection in CD4bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Smac mimetic combined with eCD4-Ig reverses latency without reducing SHIV reservoirs in rhesus macaques.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Post-treatment SIV control is associated with specific features of viral persistence before and after treatment interruption.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Q4ddPCR: a flexible, 4-target assay for high-resolution HIV reservoir profiling.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Modeling HIV infection, treatment, rebound, and intervention in human immune organoids.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Immortalization and Targeted Enrichment of HIV-Infected CD4International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Tools to Quantify and Characterize the Persistent Reservoir in People with HIV-1: Focus on Non-B Subtypes.Viruses · 2026Review
- Dynamics of HIV reservoirs following repeated anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Comparison of manual and automated ultrasensitive assays for residual HIV-1 in plasma from individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Doubling dolutegravir dosage reduces the viral reservoir in ART-treated people with HIV.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Mild HIV-specific selective forces overlaying natural CD4+ T cell dynamics explain the clonality and decay dynamics of HIV reservoir cells.Cell systems · 2025Article
- Duplex digital PCR assay on microfluidic chamber arrays for total HIV DNA reservoir quantification in persons with HIV.Scientific reports · 2025Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Quantifying the replication-competent HIV reservoir is essential for evaluating curative strategies. Viral outgrowth assays (VOAs) underestimate the reservoir because they fail to induce all replication-competent proviruses. Single- or double-region HIV DNA assays overestimate it because they fail to exclude many defective proviruses. We designed two triplex droplet digital PCR assays, each with 2 unique targets and 1 in common, and normalize the results to PCR-based T cell counts. Both HIV assays are specific, sensitive, and reproducible. Together, they estimate the number of proviruses containing all five primer-probe regions. Our 5-target results are on average 12.1-fold higher than and correlate with paired quantitative VOA (Spearman's ρ = 0.48) but estimate a markedly smaller reservoir than previous DNA assays. In patients on antiretroviral therapy, decay rates in blood CD4
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.