ReviewTherapeutic advances in gastroenterology2021
Efficacy and side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Review in Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bowel obstruction in mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer with excellent response to immunotherapy: a case series.Annals of coloproctology · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint-Based Therapies in Colorectal Cancer-Current Approaches and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Recent research progress and clinical status of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Integrative single-cell analysis revealsFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Single-cell hdWGCNA identifies ICI-related-colitis key CD8 + T cells linked to immunotherapy response and prognosis in colon cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Beyond Rodents: Alternative Animal Models in Colorectal Cancer Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Plant Terpenoids in Combination with Conventional Therapeutics in Colorectal Cancer: A Promising Option.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Colorectal Cancer: Therapeutic Approaches and Their Complications.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Oncolytic reovirus enhances the effect of CEA immunotherapy when combined with PD1-PDL1 inhibitor in a colorectal cancer model.Immunotherapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical application prospects of traditional Chinese medicine as adjuvant therapy for metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors for colorectal cancer: A network meta‑analysis.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Water-filtered infrared A radiation hyperthermia combined with immunotherapy for advanced gastrointestinal tumours.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Feasibility and Tolerability of Anlotinib Plus PD-1 Blockades for Patients with Treatment-Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Exploratory Study.Cancer management and research · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy-induced colitis in metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2024Article
- Review
- Carbon Nanofiber-Sodium Alginate Composite Aerogels Loaded with Vitamin D: The Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects on Colon Cancer Cells.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Biological effects of prostaglandin E2-EP4 antagonist (AAT-008) in murine colon cancerTranslational cancer research · 2023Article
- Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: State of the Art and Future Directions.Gastro hep advances · 2023Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Cancer Theranostics with Radiolabeled Anti-Granzyme B Peptide.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) remain one of the most common and challenging neoplasia in the Western world. The response rate of immunotherapeutic treatment approaches in a subset of advanced CRCs is remarkable and has sustainably changed treatment regimens. Unfortunately, currently available immunotherapeutics only displayed significant antitumoral activity - in terms of progression free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) - in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H)/DNA mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) CRCs. Subsequently, these remarkable results had led to the US Food and Drug Administration's approval of both immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) pembrolizumab and nivolumab in the treatment of advanced MSI-H/dMMR CRCs. However, in microsatellite stable (MSS)/DNA mismatch repair proficient (pMMR) CRCs, ICIs have clearly failed to meet their expectations and are therefore not considered effective. As the vast majority of CRCs display a molecular MSS/pMMR profile, current treatment approaches endeavor to improve tumor immunogenicity that consecutively leads to increased proinflammatory cytokine levels as well as tumor infiltrating T-cells, which in turn may be targeted by various immunotherapeutic agents. Therefore, ongoing studies are investigating novel synergistic therapy modalities and approaches to overcome a "cold" to "hot" tumor conversion in MSS/pMMR CRCs. In this review, we summarize the efficacy and possible immune-related adverse events as well as novel therapeutic approaches of ICIs in the treatment of MSI-H/dMMR and MSS/pMMR CRCs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.