Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33948044›Full record

ArticleBiology & philosophy2021

Immunoceptive inference: why are psychiatric disorders and immune responses intertwined?

Anjali Bhat, Thomas Parr, Maxwell Ramstead, Karl Friston

Open access · hybridAbstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Biology & philosophy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. The Neuroimmunology of Autism.Molecular neurobiology · 2025
    Review
  3. Five Fristonian Formulae.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Factors Determining Plasticity of Responses to Drugs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.

Anjali BhatWellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8456-3668
Thomas ParrWellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, UK.
Maxwell RamsteadWellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, UK.
Karl FristonWellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, UK.
Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is a steadily growing literature on the role of the immune system in psychiatric disorders. So far, these advances have largely taken the form of correlations between specific aspects of inflammation (e.g. blood plasma levels of inflammatory markers, genetic mutations in immune pathways, viral or bacterial infection) with the development of neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and depression. A fundamental question remains open:

Indexed as

Active inferenceAutoimmunityDiaschisisImmunoceptive inferenceImmunologyPregnancyPsychiatrySensory attenuationThreat avoidance

Identifiers

PMID33948044
PMCPMC8085803
OpenAlexW3158923167

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.