ReviewNature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology2021
The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics.
Review in Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,208 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Application of LiveSpo Navax in Treatment of Acute Respiratory Disease in Children Infected With Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Comparative Effect of Trimebutine and Probiotics on Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders (FAPD) in Children: Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT)
The Effect of Postbiotics Supplementation on Exercise-induced Oxidative Stress.
A Randomized, Cross-over, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Administration of Postibiotic by FOS Fermentation From Lactobacillus Paracasei in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
To Investigate the Effect of Postbiotic Intervention on Vaginal Microbiota in Infertile Women
Prospective Study on the Safety of the Postbiotic Lactobacillus LB (Lactéol®) in Immuocompromised Pediatric Patients With Diarrhoeal Disease Treated at the Federico Gómez Children's Hospital of Mexico.
Who cites it
1,208 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The gut microbiota-obesity axis in the pathogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Probiotics and Their Functional Role in Mitigating Antinutrient Effects In Vivo-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Pooled it
- A Heat-Inactivated Two-StrainNutrients · 2026Trial
- Exploring the gut microbiome and metabolomic interactions of antimetabolite drugs to optimize therapy.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Rethinking probiotics: breaking theGut microbes · 2026Review
- Microbiome-based therapeutics forGut microbes · 2026Review
- A bile acid-GPBAR1 network supports anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic benefits of probiotics in colitis.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Lachnospiraceae in the Food-Gut Axis: A Critical Review of Dietary Modulation, Immune Regulation, and Translational Barriers.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Postbiotics enhance immune competence in black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii): linking innate immunity, apoptosis, and resistance to bacterial infection.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics as Oral Supplements for Skin Health, Function, and Disease Throughout the Life Course: A Scoping Review.Nutrition reviews · 2026Article
- Effects of xanomeline-trospium on the gut-lung microbiota axis and susceptibility to LPS-induced acute lung injury in male and female mice.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome dynamics in acute infectious diarrhea: A conceptual framework from acute dysbiosis toward precision restoration (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- Axial Connectivity of the Lung Microbiome: A Review of Interorgan Crosstalk.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- A Post-NGP Mitsuokella jalaludinii as a Therapeutic Candidate for Gout.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Article
- Beyond Probiotics: Postbiotics for Healthy Aquaculture.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles from Lactic Acid Bacteria: Emerging Postbiotic Effectors in Host-Microbe Crosstalk.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Targeting the Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease: Current Therapeutic Strategies and Future Perspectives.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Effect of Non-viable Probiotics on Obesity-Related Outcomes in Rodent Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Microbiome-Derived Metabolic Signaling in the Gut-Skin Axis: Implications for Nutricosmetics and Healthy Skin Aging.Nutrients · 2026Review
1,148 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) convened a panel of experts specializing in nutrition, microbial physiology, gastroenterology, paediatrics, food science and microbiology to review the definition and scope of postbiotics. The term 'postbiotics' is increasingly found in the scientific literature and on commercial products, yet is inconsistently used and lacks a clear definition. The purpose of this panel was to consider the scientific, commercial and regulatory parameters encompassing this emerging term, propose a useful definition and thereby establish a foundation for future developments. The panel defined a postbiotic as a "preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host". Effective postbiotics must contain inactivated microbial cells or cell components, with or without metabolites, that contribute to observed health benefits. The panel also discussed existing evidence of health-promoting effects of postbiotics, potential mechanisms of action, levels of evidence required to meet the stated definition, safety and implications for stakeholders. The panel determined that a definition of postbiotics is useful so that scientists, clinical triallists, industry, regulators and consumers have common ground for future activity in this area. A generally accepted definition will hopefully lead to regulatory clarity and promote innovation and the development of new postbiotic products.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.