ArticleScientific reports2021
Attachment of the levator ani muscle extends to the superior ramus of the pubic bone through electrophysiological and anatomical examinations.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Entheseal pain of levator ani muscle: A novel etiology in chronic pelvic pain and lower urinary tract symptoms-A urodynamic perspective.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2026Article
- Review
- Exploring the connection between the hip and pelvic floor in women with exercise-induced urinary incontinence: integrating clinical hypotheses with current evidence.Journal of pelvic, obstetric and gynaecological physiotherapy · 2025Article
- Pain in the enthesis of levator ani muscle: A novel source of chronic pelvic pain.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2024Article
- Pelvic floor and perineal muscles: a dynamic coordination between skeletal and smooth muscles on pelvic floor stabilization.Anatomical science international · 2023Review
- Anatomical basis for contribution of hip joint motion by the obturator internus to defaecation/urinary functions by the levator ani via the obturator fascia.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
Myofascial pelvic pain (MFPP) of pelvic floor muscles is a common cause of chronic pelvic pain (CPP). The pathological mechanisms and treatments of MFPP are complex and still unclear until now. The levator ani muscle (LAM) is the major pelvic floor muscle. The purpose of this study was to examine the fascia and attachment of LAM through the electromyogram (EMG) and cadaver dissection. Electrophysiological stimulation of the obturator fascia above the arcus tendinous levator ani (ATLA) could trigger contraction and electrophysiological changes in LAM insertion. The LAM of embalmed adult cadavers was examined especially in the area above the ATLA. Some skeletal muscle fibers were found above the ATLA within the obturator fascia and were confirmed by Masson's trichrome section staining. Our electromyography (EMG) and anatomical data implied that the attachment of LAM aponeurosis extended beyond ATLA to the inferior border of the superior ramus of the pubic bone. The new discovered attachment of LAM could provide a reference position for clinical diagnosis and treatment of MFPP or CPP.
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