Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33947859›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Size, microhabitat, and loss of larval feeding drive cranial diversification in frogs.

Carla Bardua, Anne-Claire Fabre, Julien Clavel, Margot Bon, Kalpana Das, Edward L Stanley, David C Blackburn, Anjali Goswami

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. New perspectives on head and neck allometry and ecomorphology in tetrapods.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026
    Review
  3. Cranial modularity drives phenotypic diversification and adaptive radiation of Antarctic icefishes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Allometry and phylogenetic divergence: Correspondence or incongruence?Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Developmental origin underlies evolutionary rate variation across the placental skull.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Carla BarduaDepartment of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5416-6933
Anne-Claire FabreDepartment of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
Julien ClavelDepartment of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
Margot BonDepartment of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
Kalpana DasMuseum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institut für Evolutions und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5503-3577
Edward L StanleyDepartment of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5257-037X
David C BlackburnDepartment of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Anjali GoswamiDepartment of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK. a.goswami@nhm.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9465-810X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Habitat is one of the most important factors shaping organismal morphology, but it may vary across life history stages. Ontogenetic shifts in ecology may introduce antagonistic selection that constrains adult phenotype, particularly with ecologically distinct developmental phases such as the free-living, feeding larval stage of many frogs (Lissamphibia: Anura). We test the relative influences of developmental and ecological factors on the diversification of adult skull morphology with a detailed analysis of 15 individual cranial regions across 173 anuran species, representing every extant family. Skull size, adult microhabitat, larval feeding, and ossification timing are all significant factors shaping aspects of cranial evolution in frogs, with late-ossifying elements showing the greatest disparity and fastest evolutionary rates. Size and microhabitat show the strongest effects on cranial shape, and we identify a "large size-wide skull" pattern of anuran, and possibly amphibian, evolutionary allometry. Fossorial and aquatic microhabitats occupy distinct regions of morphospace and display fast evolution and high disparity. Taxa with and without feeding larvae do not notably differ in cranial morphology. However, loss of an actively feeding larval stage is associated with higher evolutionary rates and disparity, suggesting that functional pressures experienced earlier in ontogeny significantly impact adult morphological evolution.

Indexed as

EcosystemFeeding BehaviorAnimalsAnuraBiological EvolutionLarvaOsteogenesisPhylogenyPrincipal Component AnalysisSkull

Identifiers

PMID33947859
PMCPMC8096824

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.