ReviewBMJ global health2021
Integration of non-communicable disease and HIV/AIDS management: a review of healthcare policies and plans in East Africa.
Review in BMJ global health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Determinants of metabolic syndrome in people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Pooled it
- Non-communicable disease (NCD) risk among people living with HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: evidence from a randomised trial of community-based differentiated service delivery.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Trial
- Mortality and Loss to Follow-Up Among Adolescents and Young Adults Attending HIV Care Programs in Kenya.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2023Trial
- Implementing integrated care clinics for HIV-infection, diabetes and hypertension in Uganda (INTE-AFRICA): process evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMC health services research · 2023Trial
- Cross-Cutting Implementation Strategies to Integrate Hypertension Care Into HIV Care in Africa: Results From Six Country Studies in the HLB-SIMPLe Alliance.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- The burden and risk factors of NCDs in Zimbabwe: evidence from the Zimbabwe population based HIV impact assessment 2020 survey.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Strategies to integrate non-communicable disease interventions in HIV and tuberculosis care contexts in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Temporal network analysis of comorbidities among people with HIV in South Carolina.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Key determinants of integrated health service delivery: lessons from a pilot study on HIV and non-communicable disease integration in Zambia.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Burden and determinants of self-reported non-communicable disease comorbidities among HIV positive adults in Tanzania: insights from the Tanzania HIV Impact Survey 2022-2023.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Linkage to and retention in chronic care among patients diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, or HIV in DIMAMO PHRC clinics, South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Applying human-centered design to adapt a multifaceted implementation strategy for integrating HIV and NCD services in Lusaka, Zambia: Healthcare worker perspectives.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- A content analysis of global and national policies, plans, and guidelines to integrate NCDs with HIV care in LMICs.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- The integration of communicable and non-communicable disease (CD-NCD) health services in Africa: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Cost and Budget Impact of Layering Depression Care Onto Existing HIV and Noncommunicable Disease Care Services in Western Kenya.Value in health regional issues · 2025Article
- Cross-continental immunity: unraveling hematological markers of HIV in Africa and Russia- a perspective.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Healthcare providers perspectives on HIV-NCD integration to Meet the needs of older adults living with HIV.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Temporal analysis of non-communicable diseases and NCD-HIV/AIDS comorbidity in Malawi: A 4-year retrospective study 2020-2022.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLow-income and middle-income countries are struggling to manage growing numbers of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), while services for patients with HIV infection are well established. There have been calls for integration of HIV and NCD services to increase efficiency and improve coverage of NCD care, although evidence of effectiveness remains unclear. In this review, we assess the extent to which National HIV and NCD policies in East Africa reflect the calls for HIV-NCD service integration.
methodsBetween April 2018 and December 2020, we searched for policies, strategies and guidelines associated with HIV and NCDs programmes in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Documents were searched manually for plans for integration of HIV and NCD services. Data were analysed qualitatively using document analysis.
resultsThirty-one documents were screened, and 13 contained action plans for HIV and NCDs service integration. Integrated delivery of HIV and NCD care is recommended in high level health policies and treatment guidelines in four countries in the East African region; Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mostly relating to integrating NCD care into HIV programmes. The increasing burden of NCDs, as well as a move towards person-centred differentiated delivery of services for people living with HIV, is a factor in the recent adoption of integrated HIV and NCD service delivery plans. Both South Sudan and Burundi report a focus on building their healthcare infrastructure and improving coverage and quality of healthcare provision, with no reported plans for HIV and NCD care integration.
conclusionDespite the limited evidence of effectiveness, some East African countries have already taken steps towards HIV and NCD service integration. Close monitoring and evaluation of the integrated HIV and NCD programmes is necessary to provide insight into the associated benefits and risks, and to inform future service developments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.