ArticleGut pathogens2021
Role of interferon gamma in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients with parasitic infections.
Article in Gut pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Frequency of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Surface displayed porcine epidemic diarrhea virus membrane epitopes onJournal of animal science and technology · 2025Article
- Genetic diversity and seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in COVID‑19 patients; a first case-control study in Iran.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Association between breakthrough infection with COVID-19 and Toxoplasma gondii: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A latent pathogen infection classification system that would significantly increase healthcare safety.Immunologic research · 2023Review
- Article
- Comparative Assessment of the Kinetics of Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to COVID-19 Vaccination in Cancer Patients.Viruses · 2023Article
- Co-infection of COVID-19 and parasitic diseases: A systematic review.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- Prevalence of tuberculosis/COVID-19 co-infection and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at a respiratory diseases center: a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Article
- IFN-American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Evaluation of immunogenicity-induced DNA vaccines against different SARS-CoV-2 variants.PloS one · 2023Article
- The Variable Nature of Vitamin C-Does It Help When Dealing with Coronavirus?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Prevalence and Impact of Coinfection and Superinfection on the Severity and Outcome of COVID-19 Infection: An Updated Literature Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and parasitic diseases: A possible role for microbiome interaction?Parasitology international · 2021Article
- The role of polyspecific T-cell exhaustion in severe outcomes for COVID-19 patients having latent pathogen infections such as Toxoplasmagondii.Microbial pathogenesis · 2021Article
- A role for T-cell exhaustion in Long COVID-19 and severe outcomes for several categories of COVID-19 patients.Journal of neuroscience research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBy 27 June 2020, almost half a million people had died due to COVID-19 infections. The susceptibility and severity of infection vary significantly across nations. The contribution of chronic viral and parasitic infections to immune homeostasis remains a concern. By investigating the role of interferon (IFN)-γ, we conducted this study to understand the connection between the decrease in numbers and severity of COVID-19 cases within parasitic endemic regions. Our research included 375 patients referred to hospitals for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Patients were subjected to full investigations, in particular severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 nucleic acid and Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibody detection, stool examination, and quantitative IFN-γ measurement.
resultsThe majority of the studied cases had chest manifestation either alone (54.7%) or in association with gastrointestinal (GIT) manifestations (19.7%), whereas 25.6% had GIT symptoms. We reported parasitic infections in 72.8% of mild COVID-19 cases and 20.7% of severe cases. Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium, Blastocyst, and Giardia were the most common parasitic infections among the COVID-19 cases studied.
conclusionThe remarkable adaptation of human immune response to COVID-19 infection by parasitic infections with high levels of IFN-γ was observed in moderate cases compared with low levels in extreme cases. The potential therapeutic efforts aimed at the role of parasitic infection in immune system modulation are needed if this hypothesis is confirmed.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.