Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33947145›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Identifying Risk Factors for Lower Reproductive Tract Infections among Women Using Reusable Absorbents in Odisha, India.

Padmalaya Das, Danielle Lisnek, Krushna Chandra Sahoo, Shalini Sinha, JyotiRanjan Mohanty, Pranati Sahoo, Bibiana Bilung, Bijaya Panda, Clare Tanton, Belen Torondel

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Padmalaya DasSchool of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar 752101, Odisha, India.
Danielle LisnekLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7880-7670
Krushna Chandra SahooICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India.ORCID 0000-0003-3504-6132
Shalini SinhaSchool of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar 752101, Odisha, India.
JyotiRanjan MohantyDisease Surveillance Laboratory, Asian Institute of Public Health, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India.
Pranati SahooSchool of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar 752101, Odisha, India.
Bibiana BilungDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela 769005, Odisha, India.
Bijaya PandaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Capital Hospital, Bhubaneswar 751001, Odisha, India.
Clare TantonLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Belen TorondelLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Asian Institute of Public Health · INUniversity of London · GBIspat General Hospital · INRegional Medical Research Centre · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A large proportion of women in Odisha, India, use reusable absorbents to manage their menstruation. Yet, the risk factors for lower reproductive tract infections (RTIs) related to menstrual hygiene management (MHM) have not been studied among reusable absorbent users. Women of reproductive age attending one of two hospitals from two different cities in Odisha during two separate study intervals were recruited for the study. Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) were conducted. A questionnaire was used to collect information on MHM practices, water, sanitation, and socio-demographic factors. Among the 509 women who used reusable absorbents, 71.7% were diagnosed with at least one infection. After adjusting for confounders, women with BV were more likely to identify as being a housewife (aOR: 1.8 (1.1-2.9)). Frequent absorbent changing was protective against BV (aOR: 0.5 (0.3-0.8)), whereas frequent body washing increased the odds of BV (aOR: 1.5 (1.0-2.2)). Women with VVC were more likely to be older (aOR: 1.6 (1.0-2.5)), live below the poverty line (aOR: 1.5 (1.1-2.2)), have a non-private household latrine (aOR: 2.2 (1.3-4.0)), dry their absorbents inside the house (aOR: 3.7 (2.5-4.5)), and store absorbents in the latrine area (aOR: 2.0 (1.3-2.9)). Washing absorbents outside the house was protective against VVC (aOR: 0.7 (0.4-1.0)). This study highlights the importance of improving MHM practices among reusable absorbent users to prevent lower RTIs among women reusing menstrual materials in Odisha.

Indexed as

HygieneReproductive Tract InfectionsCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIndiaMenstruationRisk Factorsbacterial vaginosiscandidiasismenstrual hygiene managementreproductive tract infectionsreusable absorbents

Identifiers

PMID33947145
PMCPMC8124764
OpenAlexW3159692400

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.