ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Role of Choline in Ocular Diseases.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Metabolomic Changes in the Rat Eye Lens During the Cataract Onset.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of Sunflower Lecithin Supplementation on Meibomian Gland Function in Adults With Dry Eye Disease.Cureus · 2025Article
- Differential Tear Lipid Metabolomics Signatures Discriminate Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis From Dry Eye Disease.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Ocular and Neurological Sequelae in Long COVID: Dry Eye, Asthenopia, Sleep Disorders, Asthenia, and Restless Legs Syndrome-A Case Report with Literature Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of meibomian glands in childhood malnutrition.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- PNPLA6 regulates retinal homeostasis by choline through phospholipid turnover.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Metabolic Deficiencies in the Vitreous of Diabetic Retinopathy: Exploring the Potential of Dietary Supplementation to Address Key Metabolite Imbalances.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Metabolic Deficits in the Retina of a Familial Dysautonomia Mouse Model.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Genetically predicted metabolites mediate the causal associations between autoimmune thyroiditis and immune cells.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Identification of Salivary Metabolic Signatures Associated with Primary Sjögren's Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Integrative genetic analysis identifies FLVCR1 as a plasma-membrane choline transporter in mammals.Cell metabolism · 2023Article
- Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population.Cancers · 2023Article
- Review
- Short communication: unique metabolic signature of proliferative retinopathy in the tear fluid of diabetic patients with comorbidities - preliminary data for PPPM validation.The EPMA journal · 2023Article
- Choline supplements: An update.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Inadequate Choline Intake in Pregnant Women in Germany.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine and D-Panthenol Eye Drops in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery.Journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Choline is essential for maintaining the structure and function of cells in humans. Choline plays an important role in eye health and disease. It is a precursor of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, and it is involved in the production and secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. It also contributes to the stability of the cells and tears on the ocular surface and is involved in retinal development and differentiation. Choline deficiency is associated with retinal hemorrhage, glaucoma, and dry eye syndrome. Choline supplementation may be effective for treating these diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.