ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Aminoglycosides in the Intensive Care Unit: What Is New in Population PK Modeling?
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Amikacin pharmacokinetics after nebulization among intubated patients.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Performance of Estimated Kidney Function Equations for Predicting Aminoglycosides Clearance in Thai Population.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Anti-Infective-Associated AKI: A Narrative Review of the Epidemiology, Mechanisms, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Clinical Course, Monitoring, Prevention, and Therapeutic Strategies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial dosing considerations in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: A review.World journal of nephrology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring-Based Population Pharmacokinetics of Amikacin in Patients at a Teaching Hospital.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Adjunctive Aminoglycoside Therapy Compared to β-Lactam Monotherapy in Critically Ill Patients with Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Anti-infectives in Pediatric Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: A Comprehensive Review of Population Pharmacokinetic Analyses.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Review
- Enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Population pharmacokinetics and humanized dosage regimens matching the peak, area, trough, and range of amikacin plasma concentrations in immune-competent murine bloodstream and lung infection models.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Treatment and diagnosis of severe KPC-producingAnnals of medicine · 2023Article
- Real-Time Monitoring of Antibiotics in the Critically Ill Using Biosensors.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Aminoglycosides for the Treatment of Severe Infection Due to Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Amikacin in Neutropenic Oncology Patients.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Removing race and body surface area indexation for estimated kidney function based drug dosing: Aminoglycosides as justification of these principles.Pharmacotherapy · 2023Article
- Recommendations of Gentamicin Dose Based on Different Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Targets for Intensive Care Adult Patients: A Redefining Approach.Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications · 2023Article
- Population pharmacokinetics of apramycin from first-in-human plasma and urine data to support prediction of efficacious dose.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin in Various Patient Populations and Consequences for Optimal Dosing for Gram-Negative Infections: An Updated Review.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2022Review
- Model Re-Estimation: An Alternative for Poor Predictive Performance during External Evaluations? Example of Gentamicin in Critically Ill Patients.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: A Review of Strategies to Avoid Polymyxins and Carbapenems Misuse in Low Middle-Income Countries.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough aminoglycosides are often used as treatment for Gram-negative infections, optimal dosing regimens remain unclear, especially in ICU patients. This is due to a large between- and within-subject variability in the aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics in this population.
objectiveThis review provides comprehensive data on the pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides in patients hospitalized in the ICU by summarizing all published PopPK models in ICU patients for amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. The objective was to determine the presence of a consensus on the structural model used, significant covariates included, and therapeutic targets considered during dosing regimen simulations.
methodA literature search was conducted in the Medline/PubMed database, using the terms: 'amikacin', 'gentamicin', 'tobramycin', 'pharmacokinetic(s)', 'nonlinear mixed effect', 'population', 'intensive care', and 'critically ill'.
resultsNineteen articles were retained where amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin pharmacokinetics were described in six, 11, and five models, respectively. A two-compartment model was used to describe amikacin and tobramycin pharmacokinetics, whereas a one-compartment model majorly described gentamicin pharmacokinetics. The most recurrent significant covariates were renal clearance and bodyweight. Across all aminoglycosides, mean interindividual variability in clearance and volume of distribution were 41.6% and 22.0%, respectively. A common consensus for an optimal dosing regimen for each aminoglycoside was not reached.
conclusionsThis review showed models developed for amikacin, from 2015 until now, and for gentamicin and tobramycin from the past decades. Despite the growing challenges of external evaluation, the latter should be more considered during model development. Further research including new covariates, additional simulated dosing regimens, and external validation should be considered to better understand aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics in ICU patients.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.