Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33946818›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Promising Treatment Option for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer?

Vicenç Ruiz de Porras, Juan Carlos Pardo, Lucia Notario, Olatz Etxaniz, Albert Font

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Contemporary review of prognostic markers of prostate cancer from a pathologist perspective.Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia · 2025
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Emerging Immunotherapy Approaches for Treating Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Emerging Biomarker-Guided Therapies in Prostate Cancer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Vicenç Ruiz de PorrasGermans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4352-1784
Juan Carlos PardoBadalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
Lucia NotarioBadalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
Olatz EtxanizBadalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8856-5596
Albert FontBadalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
Institut Català d'Oncologia · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since 2010, several treatment options have been available for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), including immunotherapeutic agents, although the clinical benefit of these agents remains inconclusive in unselected mCRPC patients. In recent years, however, immunotherapy has re-emerged as a promising therapeutic option to stimulate antitumor immunity, particularly with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors. There is increasing evidence that ICIs may be especially beneficial in specific subgroups of patients with high PD-L1 tumor expression, high tumor mutational burden, or tumors with high microsatellite instability/mismatch repair deficiency. If we are to improve the efficacy of ICIs, it is crucial to have a better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to ICIs and to identify predictive biomarkers to determine which patients are most likely to benefit. This review focuses on the current status of ICIs for the treatment of mCRPC (either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs), mechanisms of resistance, potential predictive biomarkers, and future challenges in the management of mCRPC.

Indexed as

AdenocarcinomaAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsB7-H1 AntigenBiomarkersClinical Trials as TopicDNA RepairDrug Resistance, NeoplasmForecastingHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyMaleMembrane Transport ProteinsMulticenter Studies as TopicNeoplasm ProteinsAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalB7-H1 AntigenBiomarkersCD274 protein, humanImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsMembrane Transport ProteinsNeoplasm ProteinsOrganoplatinum CompoundsPDCD1 protein, humanPoly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase InhibitorsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorSLC44A4 protein, humanTaxoidsCTLA-4immune checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapymetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancerPD-1PD-L1

Identifiers

PMID33946818
PMCPMC8124759
OpenAlexW3157486313

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.