Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33946553›Full record

ReviewNutrients2021

Cow's Milk Protein Allergy as a Model of Food Allergies.

Arianna Giannetti, Gaia Toschi Vespasiani, Giampaolo Ricci, Angela Miniaci, Emanuela di Palmo, Andrea Pession

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  8. [Diagnostic value of fecal calprotectin detection in infants with milk protein-allergic enteritis].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2025
    Article
  9. Cow milk protein allergy mimics in infancy.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Arianna GiannettiPediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8243-9727
Gaia Toschi VespasianiSpecialty School of Paediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via G.Massarenti n 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9189-0218
Giampaolo RicciDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti n.9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Angela MiniaciPediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Emanuela di PalmoPediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Andrea PessionPediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0379-9562

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies in infants, and its prevalence has increased over recent years. In the present paper, we focus on CMA as a model of food allergies in children. Understanding the diagnostic features of CMA is essential in order to manage patients with this disorder, guide the use of an elimination diet, and find the best moment to start an oral food challenge (OFC) and liberalize the diet. To date, no shared tolerance markers for the diagnosis of food allergy have been identified, and OFC remains the gold standard. Recently, oral immunotherapy (OIT) has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy and has changed the natural history of CMA. Before this, patients had to strictly avoid the food allergen, resulting in a decline in quality of life and subsequent nutritional, social, and psychological impairments. Thanks to the introduction of OIT, the passive approach involving rigid exclusion has changed to a proactive one. Both the heterogeneity in the diagnostic process among the studies and the variability of OIT data limit the comprehension of the real epidemiology of CMA, and, consequentially, its natural history. Therefore, well-planned randomized controlled trials are needed to standardize CMA diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies.

Indexed as

AnimalsCattleHumansMilk HypersensitivityMilk ProteinsModels, BiologicalMilk Proteinsbreastfeedingcow’s milk allergydietoral food challengeoral immunotherapyserum-specific IgEskin prick test

Identifiers

PMID33946553
PMCPMC8147250

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.