Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33945636›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical virology2021

Influenza season 2020-2021 did not begin in Finland despite the looser social restrictions during the second wave of COVID-19: A nationwide register study.

Ilari Kuitunen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Ilari KuitunenSchool of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-9610

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The nationwide lockdowns ended influenza seasons rapidly in Northern Hemisphere in Spring 2020. The strategy during the second wave was to minimize the restrictions set for children. Children spread influenza and therefore simultaneous influenza and COVID-19 surges were feared. The aim of this report is to analyze the epidemiology of influenza season 2020-2021 in Finland. Data for this retrospective register-based study were gathered from the National Infectious Disease Register, all laboratory-confirmed influenza cases from August 2017 to March 2021 were included. The positive influenza findings were stratified by age, and incidences per 100 000 persons were calculated. Only 41 influenza A and B cases have been reported in this season from August 2020 to March 2021, which adds up to an incidence of 0.9 per 100 000 person-years. In the three preceding years, the numbers and corresponding incidences from August to March were 12 461 (282 per 100 000 person-years) in 2019-2020, 15 276 (346 per 100 000 person-years) in 2018-2019, and 33 659 (761 per 100 000 person-years) in 2017-2018. Nonpharmaceutical interventions combined with the lockdown measures interrupted the influenza season in Finland in March 2020. Despite looser restrictions, alongside traveling restrictions and facial masks, failing to prevent the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, these restrictions have proved to be effective against seasonal influenza.

Indexed as

Physical DistancingSARS-CoV-2SeasonsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge DistributionChildChild, PreschoolCOVID-19FemaleFinlandHumansIncidenceInfantepidemiologyinfluenzanonpharmaceutical interventions

Identifiers

PMID33945636
PMCPMC8242666

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.