ReviewMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2021
Interoception, Trait Anxiety, and the Gut Microbiome: A Cognitive and Physiological Model.
Review in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- The sixth sense of the brain: interoception in organoid study.Bone research · 2026Review
- Interpreting Anxiety Disorders From the Perspective of Interoceptive Computational Models.Brain and behavior · 2025Review
- Neurophysiological dynamics of visceral signals in emotion, self and bodily consciousness.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Review
- The Relationship Between Schizophrenia and Interoceptive Accuracy and Sensitivity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Review
- Allostatic Interoceptive Overload Across Psychiatric and Neurological Conditions.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
- A Review Article on Exercise Intolerance in Long COVID: Unmasking the Causes and Optimizing Treatment Strategies.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Review
- Enteroendocrine cell regulation of the gut-brain axis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Independent and sensory human mitochondrial functions reflecting symbiotic evolution.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Shedding light on biological sex differences and microbiota-gut-brain axis: a comprehensive review of its roles in neuropsychiatric disorders.Biology of sex differences · 2022Review
- Dysfunctional mitochondrial processes contribute to energy perturbations in the brain and neuropsychiatric symptoms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- HIV, HSV, SARS-CoV-2 and Ebola Share Long-Term Neuropsychiatric Sequelae.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2, Trait Anxiety, and the Microbiome.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Trait anxiety is characterized as a constant and often subliminal state that persists during daily life. Interoception is the perception of internal states and sensations, including from the autonomic nervous system. This review aims to develop a predictive model to explain the emergence, manifestations, and maintenance of trait anxiety. The model begins with the assumption that anxiety states arise from active interoceptive inference. The subsequent activation of autonomic responses results from aversive sensory encounters. A cognitive model is proposed for trait anxiety that includes the aversive sensory components from interoception, exteroception, and proprioception. A further component of the hypothesis is that repeated exposure to subliminal anxiety-evoking sensory elements can lead to an overgeneralization of this response to other inputs that are generally non-aversive. Increased uncertainty may result when predicting the sensory environment, resulting in arbitrary interoceptive anxiety responses that may be due to unjustifiable causes. Arbitrary successful or unsuccessful matching of predictions and responses reduces the individual's confidence to maintain the anxiety trait. In this review, the application of the proposed model is illustrated using gut microbial dysbiosis or imbalance of the gut microbiome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.