ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2021
Is Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder a Milder Form of Tourette Syndrome?
Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of 9619 Cases With Tic Disorders.Biological psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Sleep Disorders in Patients with Tics: Towards Personalized Care for Tourette Syndrome.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- From prediction to action: developing a risk-stratified management tool for children with new-onset tic disorders.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comorbidity burden and treatment patterns in Tourette syndrome and persistent motor or vocal tic disorder.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Tic disorders and allergic diseases: mechanistic links and the impact of allergy management - a narrative review.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- Challenging current diagnostic and classification criteria for primary tic disorders.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and pharmacotherapy choices in children newly diagnosed with tic disorders in China: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Frequent vocalizations and deep brain stimulation-responsive hyperkinesia in a striatal disinhibition rat model for Tourette syndrome.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Natural History and Health Outcomes Among Individuals With Tic Disorders.Neurology · 2025Article
- Optimization of self- or parent-reported psychiatric phenotypes in longitudinal studies.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- The clinical features and initial pharmacotherapeutic options of children with Tic disorders.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Comprehensive Management of Tourette Syndrome: Insights from Genetics and Pathophysiology: A Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Auditory gating and its clinical correlates in adults with chronic tic disorder and neurotypical adults.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Perspectives from Adults with Tourette Syndrome on Research Priorities and Registry Development: A Focus Group Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Article
- Brief youth self-report screener for tics: Can a subscale of the Motor tic, Obsession and compulsion, and Vocal tic Evaluation Survey (MOVES) identify tic disorders in youth?Evidence-based practice in child and adolescent mental health · 2023Article
- Tourette syndrome: clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment.The Lancet. Neurology · 2023Review
- Dimensional Assessment of Depression and Anxiety in a Clinical Sample of Adults With Chronic Tic Disorder.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2023Article
- Sleep and chronotype in adults with persistent tic disorders.Journal of clinical psychology · 2022Article
- Cross-disorder comparison of sensory over-responsivity in chronic tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder.Comprehensive psychiatry · 2022Article
- Altered Interoceptive Sensibility in Adults With Chronic Tic Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
32 authors at 17 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPersistent motor or vocal tic disorder (PMVT) has been hypothesized to be a forme fruste of Tourette syndrome (TS). Although the primary diagnostic criterion for PMVT (presence of motor or vocal tics, but not both) is clear, less is known about its clinical presentation.
objectiveThe goals of this study were to compare the prevalence and number of comorbid psychiatric disorders, tic severity, age at tic onset, and family history for TS and PMVT.
methodsWe analyzed data from two independent cohorts using generalized linear equations and confirmed our findings using meta-analyses, incorporating data from previously published literature.
resultsRates of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were lower in PMVT than in TS in all analyses. Other psychiatric comorbidities occurred with similar frequencies in PMVT and TS in both cohorts, although meta-analyses suggested lower rates of most psychiatric disorders in PMVT compared with TS. ADHD and OCD increased the odds of comorbid mood, anxiety, substance use, and disruptive behaviors, and accounted for observed differences between PMVT and TS. Age of tic onset was approximately 2 years later, and tic severity was lower in PMVT than in TS. First-degree relatives had elevated rates of TS, PMVT, OCD, and ADHD compared with population prevalences, with rates of TS equal to or greater than PMVT rates.
conclusionsOur findings support the hypothesis that PMVT and TS occur along a clinical spectrum in which TS is a more severe and PMVT a less severe manifestation of a continuous neurodevelopmental tic spectrum disorder. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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