ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Compliant 3D frameworks instrumented with strain sensors for characterization of millimeter-scale engineered muscle tissues.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biohybrid Robots with Embedded Conductive Fibers for Actuation, Sensing, and Closed-loop Control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Fast-swimming biohybrid OstraBot with self-trained high-strength muscles.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Biohybrid Tendons Enhance the Power-to-Weight Ratio and Modularity of Muscle-Powered Robots.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Development of an electrical current stimulator for controlling biohybrid machines.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Benchtop Fabrication and Integration of Laser-Induced Graphene Strain Gauges and Stimulation Electrodes in Muscle on a Chip Devices.Advanced functional materials · 2025Article
- Advancing biohybrid robotics: Innovations in contraction models, control techniques, and applications.Biophysics reviews · 2025Review
- Dynamic and Static Workout of In Vitro Skeletal Muscle Tissue through a Weight Training Device.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Simultaneous electromechanical monitoring in engineered heart tissues using a mesoscale framework.Science advances · 2024Article
- Highly stretchable and customizable microneedle electrode arrays for intramuscular electromyography.Science advances · 2024Article
- Functional bio-inspired hybrid fliers with separated ring and leading edge vortices.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Stretchable surface electromyography electrode array patch for tendon location and muscle injury prevention.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Mechanically-Guided 3D Assembly for Architected Flexible Electronics.Chemical reviews · 2023Review
- A soft, bioinspired artificial lymphatic system for interactive ascites transfer.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- A soft and ultrasensitive force sensing diaphragm for probing cardiac organoids instantaneously and wirelessly.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Recent Advances in Multifunctional Wearable Sensors and Systems: Design, Fabrication, and Applications.Biosensors · 2022Review
- Multi-actuator light-controlled biological robots.APL bioengineering · 2022Article
- Bioinspired two-in-one nanotransistor sensor for the simultaneous measurements of electrical and mechanical cellular responses.Science advances · 2022Article
- Flexible Ceramic Film Sensors for Free-Form Devices.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tissue-on-chip systems represent promising platforms for monitoring and controlling tissue functions in vitro for various purposes in biomedical research. The two-dimensional (2D) layouts of these constructs constrain the types of interactions that can be studied and limit their relevance to three-dimensional (3D) tissues. The development of 3D electronic scaffolds and microphysiological devices with geometries and functions tailored to realistic 3D tissues has the potential to create important possibilities in advanced sensing and control. This study presents classes of compliant 3D frameworks that incorporate microscale strain sensors for high-sensitivity measurements of contractile forces of engineered optogenetic muscle tissue rings, supported by quantitative simulations. Compared with traditional approaches based on optical microscopy, these 3D mechanical frameworks and sensing systems can measure not only motions but also contractile forces with high accuracy and high temporal resolution. Results of active tension force measurements of engineered muscle rings under different stimulation conditions in long-term monitoring settings for over 5 wk and in response to various chemical and drug doses demonstrate the utility of such platforms in sensing and modulation of muscle and other tissues. Possibilities for applications range from drug screening and disease modeling to biohybrid robotic engineering.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.