ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Conditional sanctioning in a legume-
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ecological niches and biogeography of nitrogen-fixing plants in Europe.Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany) · 2026Article
- Pea plants conditionally sanction less effectively fixing rhizobia at the level of whole nodules rather than single cells.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Article
- Spatial and Temporal Structure of Environmentally-Acquired Caballeronia Symbionts of a Leaffooted Bug.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Article
- Developmental fates and N2-fixing efficiency of terminally-differentiated versus undifferentiated bacteroids from legume nodules.Plant physiology · 2026Article
- Resource allocation to pea plant nodules impacted by nitrogen fixation potential of infecting rhizobia.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Transitive interactions among rhizobia determine their symbiotic fitness.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Inhibition of rhizobial cheaters by the host Medicago truncatula involves repression of symbiotic functions and induction of defense.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis by Sinorhizobium meliloti drives a host-specific collapse in symbiosis with Medicago sativa.Research square · 2025Article
- Comparative transcriptomics reveals differential carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in roots and nodules of Rhizobia-Inoculated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Microbial drivers of root plasticity.The New phytologist · 2025Review
- Mobile gene clusters and coexpressed plant-rhizobium pathways drive partner quality variation in symbiosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Strict gut symbiont specificity in Coreoidea insects governed by interspecies competition within Caballeronia strains.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- Managing Friends and Foes: Sanctioning Mutualists in Mixed-Infection Nodules Trades off With Defense Against Antagonists.Evolutionary applications · 2025Article
- Increased diversity of beneficial rhizobia enhances faba bean growth.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Rhizobial variation, more than plant variation, mediates plant symbiotic and fitness responses to herbicide stress.Ecology · 2024Article
- Genotypic variation in resource exchange, use, and production traits in the legume-rhizobia mutualism.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- More diverse rhizobial communities can lead to higher symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates, even in nitrogen-rich soils.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Host-imposed control mechanisms in legume-rhizobia symbiosis.Nature microbiology · 2024Review
- Timely symbiosis: circadian control of legume-rhizobia symbiosis.Biochemical Society transactions · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Legumes are high in protein and form a valuable part of human diets due to their interaction with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria known as rhizobia. Plants house rhizobia in specialized root nodules and provide the rhizobia with carbon in return for nitrogen. However, plants usually house multiple rhizobial strains that vary in their fixation ability, so the plant faces an investment dilemma. Plants are known to sanction strains that do not fix nitrogen, but nonfixers are rare in field settings, while intermediate fixers are common. Here, we modeled how plants should respond to an intermediate fixer that was otherwise isogenic and tested model predictions using pea plants. Intermediate fixers were only tolerated when a better strain was not available. In agreement with model predictions, nodules containing the intermediate-fixing strain were large and healthy when the only alternative was a nonfixer, but nodules of the intermediate-fixing strain were small and white when the plant was coinoculated with a more effective strain. The reduction in nodule size was preceded by a lower carbon supply to the nodule even before differences in nodule size could be observed. Sanctioned nodules had reduced rates of nitrogen fixation, and in later developmental stages, sanctioned nodules contained fewer viable bacteria than nonsanctioned nodules. This indicates that legumes can make conditional decisions, most likely by comparing a local nodule-dependent cue of nitrogen output with a global cue, giving them remarkable control over their symbiotic partners.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.