ArticleScience translational medicine2021
COVID-19-related anosmia is associated with viral persistence and inflammation in human olfactory epithelium and brain infection in hamsters.
Article in Science translational medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04366934 (Study of the Pathogenesis of Olfactory Disorders in COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 274 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study of the Pathogenesis of Olfactory Disorders in COVID-19
Who cites it
274 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 496 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurobiological mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction: a ten-year bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prognosis and persistence of smell and taste dysfunction in patients with covid-19: meta-analysis with parametric cure modelling of recovery curves.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Pooled it
- Long-term Outcomes of PRP Injections for Post-viral Olfactory Loss: A Prospective Cohort Study.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Trial
- Buccopharyngeal route administered high polyphenolic olive oil and COVID-19: A pilot clinical trial.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Trial
- Human brain matters: Navigating the neuropathology of COVID-19.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cadherin 1 negatively regulates SARS-CoV-2 infection in the olfactory epithelium.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Enhanced detection of respiratory pathogens in olfactory swabs correlates with olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- The brain-lung axis: Bridging neurological and respiratory disorders via neural-immune-microbial dialogue.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2026Review
- One-year longitudinal cohort study of chemosensory recovery and plasma biomarker dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 survivors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Psychiatric and Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients Through the Global Pandemic in Central Romania.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Prolonged dysregulation and pathological changes in the upper respiratory tract of SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Clinical and Immunological Perspectives on the Nasal Microbiome's Role in Olfactory Function and Dysfunction.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Review
- Combination antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapy mitigates persistent neurological deficits in mice post SARS-CoV-2 infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Mitochondria in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Immune interactions and molecular approaches in the Post COVID-19 condition.Genetics and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Cranial neuropathy during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Infection of 5xFAD mice with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 does not alter Alzheimer's disease neuropathology yet induces wide-spread changes in gene expression across diverse cell types.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A retrospective cohort study on the association between allergic rhinitis, sublingual immunotherapy, and COVID-19 symptomatology.Scientific reports · 2025Article
214 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Whereas recent investigations have revealed viral, inflammatory, and vascular factors involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lung pathogenesis, the pathophysiology of neurological disorders in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains poorly understood. Olfactory and taste dysfunction are common in COVID-19, especially in mildly symptomatic patients. Here, we conducted a virologic, molecular, and cellular study of the olfactory neuroepithelium of seven patients with COVID-19 presenting with acute loss of smell. We report evidence that the olfactory neuroepithelium is a major site of SARS-CoV2 infection with multiple cell types, including olfactory sensory neurons, support cells, and immune cells, becoming infected. SARS-CoV-2 replication in the olfactory neuroepithelium was associated with local inflammation. Furthermore, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 induced acute anosmia and ageusia in golden Syrian hamsters, lasting as long as the virus remained in the olfactory epithelium and the olfactory bulb. Last, olfactory mucosa sampling from patients showing long-term persistence of COVID-19-associated anosmia revealed the presence of virus transcripts and of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, together with protracted inflammation. SARS-CoV-2 persistence and associated inflammation in the olfactory neuroepithelium may account for prolonged or relapsing symptoms of COVID-19, such as loss of smell, which should be considered for optimal medical management of this disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.