ArticleBiology of sex differences2021
Sex differences associated with adverse drug reactions resulting in hospital admissions.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of diuretic deprescribing in adult patients: A systematic review to inform an evidence-based diuretic deprescribing guideline.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetic Characterization of the Gastrointestinal Acute Radiation Syndrome Mitigator YK-4-250 in Male and Female Mice Under Non-Irradiated and Partial Body Irradiation Conditions.Research square · 2026Article
- An Updated 16-Year Pharmacovigilance Analysis of Neuropsychiatric Safety Profiles of Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Moxifloxacin Using FAERS Data.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Twenty years of sex and gender science in health research: a policy statement from the Organization for the Study of Sex Differences.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Safety without the counter: transparency of online safety information for women's over-the-counter medicines across markets.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2026Article
- Comparative real-world safety profiles of caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin: a disproportionality analysis based on FAERS and VigiAccess databases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Drug-associated insomnia and sex-specific disproportionality in the FDA adverse event reporting system (2019-Q1 2025).Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Safety Signals of Trelegy Ellipta: A FAERS Pharmacovigilance Analysis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Electrolyte Disturbances Among Diuretic Users According to Renal Function and Age.Drug safety · 2025Article
- Genetic Variability of CYP4F2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and ACE in the Chinese Yi Population.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Value is Gendered: The Need for Sex and Gender Considerations in Health Economic Evaluations.Applied health economics and health policy · 2025Article
- Article
- First generation antipsychotic-associated serious adverse events in women: a retrospective analysis of a pharmacovigilance database.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2024Article
- Women have a higher risk of hospital admission associated with hyponatremia than men while using diuretics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Two Years of Active Pharmacovigilance Surveillance and Therapeutic Reconciliation in Frail Populations: The MEAP 3.0 Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Computational screen for sex-specific drug effects in a cardiac fibroblast signaling network model.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Safety Profiles of Two First-Generation NTRK Inhibitors: Analysis of Individual Case Safety Reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Database.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Sex-Specific Differences in Lipoprotein Production and Clearance.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2023Review
- Review
- Interactions between Gender and Sepsis-Implications for the Future.Microorganisms · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdverse drug events, including adverse drug reactions (ADRs), are responsible for approximately 5% of unplanned hospital admissions: a major health concern. Women are 1.5-1.7 times more likely to develop ADRs. The main objective was to identify sex differences in the types and number of ADRs leading to hospital admission.
methodsADR-related hospital admissions between 2005 and 2017 were identified from the PHARMO Database Network using hospital discharge diagnoses. Patients aged ≥ 16 years with a drug possibly responsible for the ADR and dispensed within 3 months before admission were included. Age-adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs for drug-ADR combinations for women versus men were calculated.
resultsA total of 18,469 ADR-related hospital admissions involving women (0.35% of all women admitted) and 14,678 admissions involving men (0.35% of all men admitted) were included. Most substantial differences were seen in ADRs due to anticoagulants and diuretics. Anticoagulants showed a lower risk of admission with persistent haematuria (ORadj 0.31; 95%CI 0.21, 0.45) haemoptysis (ORadj 0.47, 95%CI 0.30,0.74) and subdural haemorrhage (ORadj 0.61; 95%CI 0.42,0.88) in women than in men and a higher risk of rectal bleeding in women (ORadj 1.48; 95%CI 1.04,2.11). Also, there was a higher risk of admission in women using thiazide diuretics causing hypokalaemia (ORadj 3.03; 95%CI 1.58, 5.79) and hyponatraemia (ORadj 3.33, 95%CI 2.31, 4.81) than in men.
conclusionsThere are sex-related differences in the risk of hospital admission in specific drug-ADR combinations. The most substantial differences were due to anticoagulants and diuretics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.