ArticlePloS one2021
Natural and synthetic antimicrobials reduce adherence of enteroaggregative and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli to epithelial cells.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subinhibitory Concentrations of Oxacillin Alter Motility, Biofilm Production, and Transformation Capability of the Oxacillinase-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- The effect of Spearmint, Oregano, and Thyme Extracts on Biofilm Formation byArchives of Razi Institute · 2025Article
- Addressing the global challenge of bacterial drug resistance: insights, strategies, and future directions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial Activity ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Recent Advances of Composite Nanomaterials for Antibiofilm Application.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Recent Developments in the Inhibition of Bacterial Adhesion as Promising Anti-Virulence Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Antioxidant Effect of Natural Antimicrobials in Shrimp Primary Intestinal Cells Infected withAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adherence of bacteria to the human intestinal mucosa can facilitate their internalization and the development of pathological processes. Escherichia coli O104:H4 is considered a hybrid strain (enteroaggregative hemorrhagic E. coli [EAHEC]), sharing virulence factors found in enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), and enteroaggregative (EAEC) E. coli pathotypes. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of natural and synthetic antimicrobials (carvacrol, oregano extract, brazilin, palo de Brasil extract, and rifaximin) on the adherence of EHEC O157:H7, EAEC 042, and EAHEC O104:H4 to HEp-2 cells and to assess the expression of various genes involved in this process. Two concentrations of each antimicrobial that did not affect (p≤0.05) bacterial viability or damage the bacterial membrane integrity were used. Assays were conducted to determine whether the antimicrobials alter adhesion by affecting bacteria and/or alter adhesion by affecting the HEp-2 cells, whether the antimicrobials could detach bacteria previously adhered to HEp-2 cells, and whether the antimicrobials could modify the adherence ability exhibited by the bacteria for several cycles of adhesion assays. Giemsa stain and qPCR were used to assess the adhesion pattern and gene expression, respectively. The results showed that the antimicrobials affected the adherence abilities of the bacteria, with carvacrol, oregano extract, and rifaximin reducing up to 65% (p≤0.05) of E. coli adhered to HEp-2 cells. Carvacrol (10 mg/ml) was the most active compound against EHAEC O104:H4, even altering its aggregative adhesion pattern. There were changes in the expression of adhesion-related genes (aggR, pic, aap, aggA, and eae) in the bacteria and oxidative stress-related genes (SOD1, SOD2, CAT, and GPx) in the HEp-2 cells. In general, we demonstrated that carvacrol, oregano extract, and rifaximin at sub-minimal bactericidal concentrations interfere with target sites in E. coli, reducing the adhesion efficiency.
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