ReviewCurrent rheumatology reports2021
Which Hormones and Contraception for Women with APS? Exogenous Hormone Use in Women with APS.
Review in Current rheumatology reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR) Consensus Statements for the Management of Reproductive Issues in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Building a Framework for Sexual and Reproductive Health Care in the Rheumatology Context: Content and Approaches.Arthritis care & research · 2026Review
- Review
- Hormones and thrombosis: the dark side of the moon.Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewUse of exogenous estrogen carries significant risk for patients with prothrombotic disorders including those with antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). This review summarizes current knowledge of contraceptive and other hormone therapies for aPL-positive and APS women and highlights knowledge gaps to guide future research. RECENT
findingsStudies support very low risk for most progestin-only contraceptives in patients with increased thrombotic risk, but suggest increased VTE risk with depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate. Highest efficacy contraceptives are intrauterine devices and subdermal implants, and these are recommended for women with aPL/APS. Progestin-only pills are effective and low risk. Perimenopausal symptoms may be treated with nonhormone therapies in aPL/APS patients: vasomotor symptoms can improve with nonhormonal medications and cognitive behavioral therapy, and genitourinary symptoms often improve with intravaginal estrogen that has limited systemic absorption.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.